COPD Circuit Exercise

Whole-body production rate measured after stable tracer administration

Measurement of bone mineral density (g/cm^2)between COPD patients and healthy older adults using DXA

Measurement of muscle mass (kg)

Measurement of fat mass (kg)

Differences in muscle mass (kg), fat mass (kg), and extra- and intracellular fluid (L) between COPD patients and healthy older adults using BIA.

Difference and changes in handgrip strength pre and post exercise

With this sub-maximal exercise test, aerobic capacity and endurance will be compared between COPD patients and healthy older adults. The outcome is the distance covered over a time of 6 minutes.

Difference in muscle strength of leg using kin-com machine between pre and post exercise intervention.

Differences and changes in the concentration of the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein

In Part A, the examinee is instructed to connect a set of 25 circles with numbers as quickly as possible while maintaining accuracy. In Part B, the examinee is instructed to connect a set of 25 circles, alternating between numbers and letters, as quickly as possible while maintaining accuracy. Measures attentional resources and is a measure of the frontal lobe "executive" functions of visual search, set-switching and mental flexibility. The total time in seconds will be recorded for each measure.

A word page with words printed in black ink, a color page with blocks printed in color, and a color-word page where the color and the word do not match. The examinee reads the words or names the ink colors as quickly as possible within a time limit. Measures selective attention and inhibitory control. The total time in seconds was reported for each trial.

Self-administered questionnaire regarding gut function and associated symptoms. It is composed of 15 items (7-Point Likert Scale) assessing Reflux, Abdominal pain, Indigestion, Diarrhoea and Constipation. Scores range from 15 to 105 with a higher score indicating more discomfort.

Self-administered questionnaire is intended for use in an elderly population and focuses on 3 types of activities: leisure time activities, household activities and work-related activities.

A fourteen item self-assessment scale. Seven of the items related to anxiety and seven relate to depression. Each item on the questionnaire is scored from 0-3 and this means that a person can score between 0 (no symptoms) and 21 (severe symptoms) for either anxiety or depression.

Self-administered questionnaire regarding impact of COPD on daily life

The subject is asked to note in detail all the food and drinks consumed during 3 days (2 week days and 1 weekend day) in the week prior to each test day.

Recall of numbers in the same order (Digit Forward) and in reverse order (Digit Backward). Measures auditory attention and verbal working memory.

Assesses several cognitive domains and is used for the screening of mild cognitive impairment. Total scores range from 0-30 with lower scores indicating decreased functioning.

A psychological distress scale to measure mood disturbance in 6 domains - fatigue-inertia, vigor-activity, tension-anxiety, depression-dejection, anger-hostility, and confusion-bewilderment.

The examinee is required to say as many words as they can think of in one minute that begin with a given letter of the alphabet. The task contains three trials. Measures phonemic verbal fluency. The raw score (total and mean words recorded across the three trials) will be reported.

Quality of life concerns related to fatigue will be assessed only in COPD patients with this questionnaire.

Changes in Peak Power and Strength measured through testing completed using Keiser Pneumatic Resistance Training Devices