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NCT Number: NCT07244900

Conventional Physical Therapy Action Observation Therapy on Freezing of Gait and Functional Mobility in Parkinson's Disease

The goal of this study is to determine the effects of action observation therapy with conventional physical therapy on freezing gait and functional limitation in participants with Parkinson's disease.

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Key information

Conditions

Parkinson Disease Basal Ganglia Diseases Brain Diseases Central Nervous System Diseases Movement Disorders Nervous System Diseases Neuro-Degenerative Disease Neurodegenerative Diseases Parkinsonian Disorders Synucleinopathies

Age range

50 year–80 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

The University of Lahore

Lahore, Punjab Province, 54000, Pakistan

About this study

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by rigidity, tremors, and bradykinesia, along with non-motor dysfunction. The exercise rehabilitation has a positive impact on motor and non-motor functions in individuals with Parkinson's disease. Conventional physical therapy (CPT) that involves isometric exercises, stretching techniques, and strength and balance training is useful to improve the severity of functional mobility and freezing of gait. In action observation therapy (AOT), small video clips of different goal-directed tasks were added to rehabilitation to determine the combined effects on outcome.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

The participants were included based on the UK Parkinson's Disease Society Brain Bank diagnostic criteria, with clinical findings supporting the diagnosis. The eligible participants were

  • Aged between 50 and 80 years,
  • Both genders,
  • UK Parkinson's Disease Society Brain Bank diagnostic criteria, labelled as stage ≤ 3,
  • with a minimum of 2 years since being diagnosed with PD and
  • Freezing of gait score of 9 or higher on FOG-Q
  • Able to understand and follow commands.

Exclusion criteria

The exclusion criteria were

  • systemic diseases such as diabetes, sepsis, systemic lupus erythematosus
  • Uncontrolled hypertension or hypotension
  • neurological issues that could affect the assessment and outcomes of treatment, 3. implantation for deep brain stimulation 4. visual or acoustic limitations.

Treatment and study plan

Conventional physical therapy

Other

Group A received conventional physical therapy treatment. The CPT program consists of isometric exercises, stretching, and strength training based on the patient's physical condition and the severity of functional mobility and freezing of Gait.

Action Observation plus conventional Physical Therapy

Other

Group B was given action observation therapy with conventional physical therapy treatment. In AOT, the therapist showed small video clips of different goal-directed tasks to participants, and they were asked to follow every step and movement. The therapist maintained the patient's attention with verbal feedback

Primary outcomes

  1. Change in functional mobility

    Time frame: The assessment was made at baseline before the treatment session, and any change in mobility status was observed at the end of 6th week and 12th week after the intervention.

    The TUG is an efficient test that measures mobility and balance, requiring participants to rise from a chair, walk 3 meters, turn, walk back, and sit down. The time taken to complete this sequence is recorded, with longer times indicating potential mobility issues. A score of more than or equal to fourteen seconds indicates a high risk of falls.

  2. Change in Freezing of gait

    Time frame: The freezing of gait was assessed at baseline, and any change in it was measured at the end of 6th week and 12th week after the intervention.

    The FOG-Q is a reliable tool for evaluating the effectiveness of treatment intervention on FOG for Parkinson's disease. The questionnaire consists of 6 items designed to assess the severity of freezing of gait. Each item is rated on a five-point Likert scale, with '0' indicating no symptoms and '4' indicating the most severe symptoms. The total score can range from 0 to 24, with higher scores indicating greater severity of freezing of gait.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

University of Lahore

Other

Registry information

Official study title

Effects Of Conventional Physical Therapy With And Without Action Observation Therapy On Freezing Of Gait And Functional Mobility In Participants With Parkinson's Disease: A Randomised Clinical Trial

Important dates

Study start
2023
Primary completion
2024
Study completion
2024
First posted
Nov 24, 2025
Registry last updated
Jun 16, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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