Conventional Hand Sewn End-To-End Anastomosis Versus Side-To-Side Anastomosis for Stoma Reversal: A Prospective Study

Number of participants with two or more episodes of nausea/vomiting, inability to tolerate oral diet over 24 hours, absence of flatus over 24 hours, or distension, and with radiologic confirmation, occurring postoperatively without spontaneous resolution

Number of participants with leakage of bowel contents from the anastomotic site, confirmed with imaging studies and clinical signs, such as fever >38.5˚C, leucocytosis, elevated serum C-reactive protein, drainage of intestinal content from the drain or computed tomography findings of abscess formation around the anastomosis.

Number of participants with complications developing post-operatively of Clavien-Dindo grade higher than 2, suggestive of a severe complication.

Number of participants with Bowel dilatation and obstipation (inability to pass flatus as well as motion), requiring surgery for treatment, with transition point of the obstruction confirmed either radiologically or intraoperatively

Time during surgery from incision to skin closure

Number of participants with Infection of the incision site ranging from simple local purulent collection to overt infection requiring re-operation

Number of participants with Evidence of bleeding around the anastomotic site, confirmed by a complaint of melena, or radiological or endoscopic findings.

Number of participants with Imaging studies done in patients with complaints of nausea or bloating after oral intake, demonstrating intestinal distension starting from oral side of the anastomotic site, occurring due to narrowing at the site of anastomosis due to any cause. This did not include patients unable to pass flatus and motion (obstipation, criteria for bowel obstruction) or patients only unable to tolerate oral diet without other symptoms (criteria for POI).

Number of participants with fluid collection inside the abdominal cavity developing post-operatively, of any origin, which was not present before surgery. The fluid collection includes presence of ascitic fluid, blood or pus, in amount sufficient to be detected by an abdominal ultrasound or computed tomography imaging. The number of participants showing presence of fluid was measured, and not the volume of fluid.

Number of participants developing complications severe enough and not responding to medical management, that needed to be re-operated

Number of participants with Dysfunction in any organ, evidenced by symptoms and blood tests, developing post-operatively and not present before surgery. The outcome was measured as the number of participants developing dysfunction of each a particular organ system, labelled as Renal, Cardiac, Hepatic, Vascular and Respiratory.

The overall morbidity is reflective of the number of patients who have at least 1 complication; that is, patients who have at least 1 complication were counted only once, and only their highest-grade complication was counted, graded on the Clavien-Dindo scale.

number of days for patient to first pass flatus or first stool after surgery

number of days for patient to be first started on and tolerate liquids given per-orally, without causing vomiting or abdominal distension

number of days for patient to be first started on and tolerate progressively increasing semi-solid diet given per-orally, without causing vomiting or abdominal distension

Number of days for the patient to be discharged from the hospital without complications.