Consistency Evaluation of the qCON, qNOX Indices and Bispectral Index

This study was approved by the ethics committee of China Medical University. The study will be carried out in the 1st Hospital of China Medical University. Thirty patients scheduled for selective gastrointestinal surgery undergoing general anesthesia will be enrolled. There are two steps in this study: In step1, The qCON and qNOX indices will be continuously recorded throughout the whole surgery, using a Angel-6000 monitor (WellHealth Medical Co Ltd., Shenzhen, China). Meanwhile, the bispectral index (BIS) will be recorded using Aspect BIS monitor (Aspect Medical Systems, Norwood, MA, USA) in the same patient in order to compare with qCON and qNOX.

The general anesthesia protocol is as following: Anesthesia will be induced with bolus infusion of propofol, sufentanil and cis-atracurium intravenously. The patients will be intubated subsequently. TOF (T4/T1) value will be observed throughout using muscle relaxation monitoring (GE healthcare, USA). Anesthesia are maintained with a combination of sevoflurane, propofol, sufentanil and cis-atracurium. Dosage of the anesthetics will be adjusted according to the BIS value and hemodynamics fluctuating. Anti-emetic and opioids will be routinely administrated prior to abdominal closure. Neostigmine will be administrated for reversing the residual neuromuscular blockade after the patient get his breath. Tracheal extubating is indicated by a TOF value above 70% in addition to other physical signs. The qCON, qNOX and BIS indices will be continuously recorded before anesthesia induction (fully awake), during the operation (sleep) and after the operation (fully recovery). The dosage of propofol, sufentanil and cis-atracurium used in the operation are also recorded.

In step2, all these three electroencephalogram-based indices are collected again at the 1st postoperative night. The Angel-6000 and Aspect BIS monitor will be placed again to the identical patient who have received the operation on the daytime. Data collecting period is from 8:00 pm to 6:00 am the next day. Sleep was defined as the duration of BIS value below 80 in the 10 hours of monitoring (from 8:00pm to 6:00am).

If there are specific requirements for management with regards to postoperative pain or any other anesthesia related complications, name and the dosage of the treatments will also be recorded.

Inclusion criteria

• Ethnic Chinese;
• Age: from 18 to 80 years old;
• Hospitalized patients

Exclusion criteria

• Cognitive difficulties
• Mental diseases
• Without an informed consent
• Inability to cooperate with the researcher's requirements
• Deprivation of the human right by an administrative or juridical entity
• Ongoing participation or participation in another study within 1 month
• Night surgery