Conmigo: A Mother-daughter Intervention to Promote Physical Activity

Investigators will assess daughters' MVPA at baseline and 3 months using the ActiGraph wGT3X accelerometer worn for 7 days: MVPA=average min MVPA per valid day (minimum 10 h/day of data monitoring for at least 3 days) using standard cutoffs. Investigators will compare PA at 3 months to PA at baseline to assess change.

Investigators will also assess daughters' self-reported PA using the Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health and Eating (FLASHE) adolescent physical activity survey instrument. Investigators will compare PA at 3 months to PA at baseline to assess change. Daughters complete ONE of the two scales: Version A (8 items) if not currently attending school (remote school due to COVID, homeschool, or summer break), and version B (11 items) if attending in person school. Each item in version A and B scales is scored in units on a scale from 0 to 4. The average score is calculated using the total score divided by the number of items. Scores range from 0-4 with higher scores representing a better outcome (i.e., increased self-reported moderate to vigorous physical activity).

Investigators will assess daughters' self-reported PA using the Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health and Eating (FLASHE) adolescent physical activity survey instrument. Investigators will compare PA at 6 months to PA at baseline and 3 months to assess sustainment of MVPA three months after the intervention has ended. Daughters complete ONE of the two scales: Version A (8 items) if not currently attending school (remote school due to COVID, homeschool, or summer break), and version B (11 items) if attending in person school. Each item in version A and B scales is scored in units on a scale from 0 to 4. The average score is calculated using the total score divided by the number of items. Scores range from 0-4 with higher scores representing a better outcome (i.e., increased self-reported moderate to vigorous physical activity).

Investigators will assess mothers' MVPA at baseline and 3 months using the ActiGraph wGT3X accelerometer worn for 7 days: MVPA=average min MVPA per valid day (minimum 10 h/day of data monitoring for at least 3 days) using standard cutoffs. Investigators will compare PA at 3 months to PA at baseline to assess change.

Mothers' self-reported physical activity (PA) was assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Investigators compared PA at 3 months to baseline to assess changes. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was measured through leisure-time activities, including moderate activities (e.g., brisk walking, cycling) and vigorous-intensity activities (e.g., running, heavy lifting). The total number of days per week and minutes per day spent in these activities were summed to calculate total MVPA minutes per week. Scores may range from 0 to 600 minutes per week. A recommendation of 150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) per week is recommended, with minimum guidelines of 150 minutes of moderate or 75 minutes of vigorous activity per week.

Investigators will assess mothers' self-reported physical activity (PA) using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). PA will be compared at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months to assess the sustainment of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) three months after the intervention has ended. MVPA was measured through leisure-time activities, including moderate activities (e.g., brisk walking, cycling) and vigorous-intensity activities (e.g., running, heavy lifting). The total number of days per week and minutes per day spent in these activities were summed to calculate total MVPA minutes per week. Scores may range from 0 to 600 minutes per week. A recommendation of 150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) per week is recommended, with minimum guidelines of 150 minutes of moderate or 75 minutes of vigorous activity per week.

Mother-daughter communication was assessed using the Parent-Adolescent Communication Scale (PACS) (Barnes & Olsen, 1985), completed by mothers. The PACS consists of 20 items, scored on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 (Strongly Disagree) to 5 (Strongly Agree). The total score ranges from 20 to 100, with higher scores reflecting better communication. The PACS has two subscales: Open Family Communication and Problems in Family Communication. Responses to the "Problems in Family Communication" subscale are reverse-coded so that higher scores across both subscales indicate better communication quality. The total score is the sum of responses, and higher subscale scores indicate more positive communication or less communication problems.

Mothers' parenting strategies were assessed using the Parenting Strategies for Eating & Activity Scale (PEAS) (Larios et al., 2009), completed by mothers. The PEAS consists of items rated on a 5-point Likert scale, with response options ranging from 1 (disagree/never) to 5 (agree/always). Three subscales were administered to capture the following domains: Limit Setting (6-items), Monitoring (7-items), and Reinforcement (2-items). We produced a total score for each subscale by summing the response items. Possible score ranges: Limit setting, 6 (minimum) to 30 (maximum); Monitoring, 7 (minimum) to 35 (maximum); Reinforcement, 2 (minimum) to 10 (maximum). For each domain, subscale scores were standardized by dividing each participant's total subscale score by the number of items in that subscale. Higher scores on each subscale indicate a greater frequency or level of the respective parenting practice (i.e., more frequent use of limit setting, monitoring, or reinforcement strategies.)