Computerized Cognitive Rehabilitation of Patients With Cognitive Deficits Due to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Subjective executive function is measured by the Working Memory Questionnaire (WMQ), a 30-item, self-administered scale (score range from 0 to 120), addressing working memory (10 items), attention (10 items) and general executive function (10 items). The higher the score, the more it reflects cognitive difficulties.

Measured by the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), scored from 0 to 110. The lower the score, the more it reflects cognitive difficulties.

Measured by the time completion of the Color Trails Test (CTT) in CTT1 and CTT2 (i.e., Flexibility Index: (CTT2-CTT1)/CTT1). The higher the Flexibility Index, the more it reflects cognitive difficulties.

Measured by the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R), scored from 0 to 36. The lower the score, the more it reflects cognitive difficulties.

Measured with the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA) using the reaction time (RT) and the false alarm rate (FA). The higher the RT and FA, the more they reflect cognitive difficulties.

Measured with the Denis-Kaplan Color-Word interference Stroop test using the time completion in each condition. The higher the time completion, the more it reflects cognitive difficulties.

The Five-Point Test will be used to assess design fluency using the total number of design produced. The lower the score, the more it reflects cognitive difficulties.

A subtest of a custom-made tablet-based cognitive evaluation tool will measure cognitive flexibility.

Measured using the Digit and Visuo-Spatial Span Test

Measured using the Test of Attentional Performance subtest Divided Attention

Body composition will be measured by bioelectrical impedance measure using the percentage of body fat and muscle mass.

Risk of falls will be assessed using the BTrackS Balance Plate (FDA registered class 1 medical device #3010668481).

Limits of postural will be assessed using the BTrackS Balance Plate (FDA registered class 1 medical device #3010668481).

Dynamic stability will be assessed by the Four Square Step Test, which tests the participant's ability to step over objects forwards, sideways and backwards; the movements of the FSST are comparable to the ones implemented in the training program. The score is based on time taken to complete the test. The higher the score, the more it reflects balance difficulties.

In order to assess cognitive and motor dual task ability, the study participant will perform the Timed Up and Go Cognitive. The score is based on time taken to complete the test and errors or hesitations. The higher the score, the more it reflects cognitive difficulties.

Heart rate and heart rate variability will be recorded at rest in supine position during a 5-minute window using a medical electrocardiogramm (ECG).

Determined by the mean of three blood pressure measurements using a sphygmomanometer and a stethoscope.

Anxiety will be assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; 20 items) in French, scored from 20 to 80. The higher the score, the higher the level of anxiety.

Mood will be assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies - Depression (CES-D; 20 items) in French, scored from 0 to 60. The higher the score, the higher the level of depression.

Specifically developped for patients with an HIV infection, the Medical Outcomes Study HIV Health Survey (MOS-HIV; 35 items) will be used to assess everyday life activities and health-related quality of life. The score ranges from 0 to 100. The lower the score, the poorer the quality of life.

Everyday life cognition will be assessed using the Cognitive Failure Questionnaire (CFQ; 32 items). The score ranges from 0 to 128. The higher the score, the more it reflects cognitive difficulties.

Study participants will rate their degree of physical, cognitive and psychosocial fatigue on the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS; 21 items). The score ranges from 0 to 84. The higher the score, the greater the level of fatigue.

Using the self-administred Dimensional Apathy Scale (DAS; 24 items), study participants will rate their degree of apathy. The score ranges from 0 to 96. The higher the score, the greater the level of apathy.

The habits in the consumption of alcohol and other substances will be evaluated with an adapted version of the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST; 8 items; Khan et al, 2011).

Participants' medication intake over the course of the study will be recorded in the register of an ongoing prospective, longitudinal and multicenter study, called the Neurocognitive Assessment in the Metabolic and Aging Cohort study (NAMACO).

Participants' professional occupation/employment rate over the course of the study will be recorded in the register of an ongoing prospective, longitudinal and multicenter study, called the Neurocognitive Assessment in the Metabolic and Aging Cohort study (NAMACO). The employment rate will be measured in full-time equivalent, ranging from 0 to 100 %. The higher the employment rate, the better.

Participants' self-reported activity profile over the course of the study will be recorded in the register of an ongoing prospective, longitudinal and multicenter study, called the Neurocognitive Assessment in the Metabolic and Aging Cohort study (NAMACO).

Measured with an electroencephalogram (EEG) during the Test of Variable of Attention (TOVA).

Measured with an electroencephalogram (EEG) during the TOVA.

Measured with an electroencephalogram (EEG) during the resting state

Measured by a forced exhalation in the first second of a breath into a spirometer.

Measured by a forced exhalation into a spirometer.

Measure using a standardized maximal effort test with incremental exercise on a cycling ergometer with gas exchange analyses.

VO2 at anaerobic threshold will be determined using a cyclo-ergospirometry.

Regardless of training group attribution, study participants will rate the user-friendliness of the training using the 10-item System Usability Scale scored from 0 to 40. The higher the score, the better the utility.

Regardless of training group attribution, study participants will rate the experience of the training using and the 4-item Perception of game training questionnaire scored from 10 to 50. The higher the score, the better the experience.

Regardless of training group attribution, study participants will rate their perception of game training using the Perception of game training questionnaire (4 statements on enjoyment, challenge, frustration and motivation associated with the game, participants rate their agreement with the statement on a Likert-scale from 1 (lowest) to 7 (highest)).