Comparison of the Efficacy and Tolerability of the Addition of AVANDIA to Submaximal Doses of Metformin

Inclusion criteria

• Subjects with a diagnosis of Type 2 DM as defined by the criteria of the American Diabetes Association.
• Exceptions were granted to those subjects over the age of 75 on a case-by-case basis and only with the expressed permission of the study sponsor.
• Females who were post-menopausal (i.e., >6 months without a menstrual period), surgically sterile, or using acceptable contraceptive measures (oral contraceptive, Norplant, Depo-Provera, an IUD, a diaphragm with spermicide or condoms).
• Subjects previously treated by either diet and exercise or oral therapy. Any subjects who were receiving MET or MET plus Sulfonylurea (SU) must have been receiving no more than MET 1000mg/day for at least three months prior to study entry. Subjects must have stopped previous treatment with thiazolidinediones (TZDs) at least three months prior to screening.
• Subjects with a Body Mass Index (BMI) >=27 kg/m2.
• Subjects who signed the Informed Consent.
• Subjects who received monotherapy treatment within the last three months prior to study entry or drug-naives who had HbA1c levels between 7% and 10%, inclusive. Subjects who received prior combination treatment had HbA1c of at least 6.5% to 8.5%, inclusive.
• Subjects with FPG of <270 mg/dL at screening and visit 2, must have had a FPG >=126 mg/dL at either screening or at the MET titration period (visit 2, run-in) for entry into the treatment phase of the study.

Exclusion criteria

• Females who were lactating, pregnant, or planning to become pregnant.
• Any clinically significant abnormality identified on the chest X-ray, screening physical examination, laboratory tests, or electrocardiogram, which, in the judgment of the investigator, would preclude safe completion of the study.
• Use of TZDs or any investigational drug for glycemic control within three months prior to study entry irregardless of the treatment regimen, or use of any other investigational agent (not related to glycemic management) within 30 days or five half-lives (whichever is longer) preceding study entry.
• Subjects with FPG >=270 mg/dL at screening.
• Subjects with prior history of hepatocellular reaction to or severe edema associated with troglitazone or any current TZD.
• History of significant hypersensitivity to TZDs, biguanides, or compounds with similar chemical structures.
• Subjects currently using insulin or who discontinued its use for glycemic control within the last three months prior to study entry.
• History of acute or chronic metabolic acidosis.
• Presence of clinically significant renal or hepatic disease (i.e., male subjects with serum creatinine >1.5 mg/dL; female subjects with serum creatinine >1.4 mg/dL; ALT, AST, total bilirubin, GGT, or alkaline phosphatase >2.5 times the upper limit of the reference range).
• Anemia defined by hemoglobin concentration <11.0 g/dL for males or <10.0 g/dL for females.
• Presence of unstable or severe angina or coronary insufficiency, or any congestive heart failure requiring pharmacologic treatment.
• Systolic BP >170mmHg or diastolic BP >100mmHg while on anti-hypertensive treatment.
• Recent history or suspicion of current drug abuse or alcohol abuse (defined as the consumption of more than 35 units of alcohol per week.
• Non-compliance with study medication during MET titration period (run-in).
• Subjects, who received or anticipated receiving radiocontrast dye during the MET titration (run-in) or the randomized treatment period of the study.
• Subjects unwilling or unable to comply with the procedure described in the protocol.
• Subjects who were unable to read or understand the English language were excluded from the study due to the administration of the QOL assessments.