Comparison of the Effects of Virtual Reality-Based Interventions on Foot Function, Foot Pressure, and Balance in Sedentary Individuals

Primary outcomes

1. Foot Function Assessment

   Time frame: 6 weeks

   Foot pain, disability, and activity limitation will be assessed using the Foot Function Index (FFI), a validated 23-item questionnaire. The total FFI score ranges from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating worse foot function (greater pain, disability, and activity limitation).

2. Foot Pressure Assessment - Maximum Plantar Pressure

   Time frame: 6 weeks

   Plantar pressure during standing and walking will be assessed using a pedobarographic measurement system. Maximum plantar pressure will be recorded, with higher values indicating greater localized loading on the foot.

3. Foot Pressure Assessment - Contact Area

   Time frame: 6 weeks

   The pedobarographic system will measure the total plantar contact area during standing and walking. Larger contact area values indicate greater surface area participation in load distribution.

4. Foot Pressure Assessment - Center of Pressure (COP)

   Time frame: 6 weeks

   The pedobarographic system will measure center of pressure displacement during standing and walking. COP path characteristics provide objective indicators of stability and gait mechanics; greater displacement typically indicates reduced postural control.

5. Balance Performance Assessment

   Time frame: 6 weeks

   Static and dynamic balance performance will be assessed using the Biodex Balance System. The system provides balance scores ranging from 0 to 12, where lower scores indicate better balance performance.

6. Physical Activity Level Assessment

   Time frame: 6 weeks

   Physical activity levels will be assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) - Short Form. Weekly metabolic equivalent of task (MET-minutes/week) will be calculated to classify physical activity as low, moderate, or high. Higher MET-minutes/week indicate higher physical activity levels.