Comparison of the Effects of Hydromorphone and Nalbuphine Patient Controlled Analgesia in Postoperative Pain After Cesarean Section

Cesarean section is an essential surgical procedure in obstetrics, which not only addresses dystocia and certain obstetric syndromes, ensuring the safety of the maternal participants, but also increases perinatal survival rates and can save the mother's life. However, the surgical trauma and uterine contractions resulting from cesarean delivery lead to severe pain, which can hinder the mother's postoperative recovery and negatively affect her mental health. Therefore, improving postoperative pain management and addressing issues such as depression and anxiety are crucial challenges in clinical practice today.

Patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCA) is widely used in postoperative pain management after cesarean section due to its ability to maintain the minimum effective drug concentration, minimal fluctuation in drug levels, ease of management, and no restriction on activity. However, research on the effects and adverse reactions of hydromorphone and nalbuphine for postoperative pain relief in cesarean section is limited.

In this study, the investigators aim to compare the effects of hydromorphone hydrochloride and nalbuphine in obstetric PCA and examine how various clinical factors influence pain outcomes and adverse reactions. Based on multivariate analysis, the investigators further aim to construct and validate a predictive model for poor analgesic outcomes. To develop more personalized strategies for postoperative pain management following cesarean section, more personalized guidance strategies for postoperative pain management following cesarean section.