Comparison of Static & Dynamic Back Extensor Endurance Exercises in LBP

Primary outcomes

1. Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire

   Time frame: 6th week

   The Roland-Morris Questionnaire (RMQ) is a self-administered disability measure in which greater levels of disability are reflected by higher numbers on a 24-point scale.

   The RMQ is a 24-item patient-reported outcome measure that inquires about pain-related disability resulting from LBP. Items are scored 0 if left blank or 1 if endorsed, for a total RMQ score ranging from 0 to 24; higher scores represent higher levels of pain-related disability

2. Modified Biering-Sorensen test of Static Muscular Endurance (BSME)

   Time frame: 6th week

   The BSME is used to assess the static back endurance. During the test the participant lay down on the plinth in the prone position with the upper edge of the iliac crests aligned with the edge of the plinth with their hands held by their sides. The lower body is fixed to the plinth by two non elastic straps located around the pelvis and ankles. Horizontality in the test position is ensured by asking the participant to maintain contact between his/her back and a hanging weighted ball. Once a loss of contact for more than 10 seconds is noticed, the participant is encouraged once to immediately maintain contact again. Once the participant could not immediately correct or hold the position or claimed to be fatigued the test is terminated.

   This test is time based, as long as the patient hold the position

3. Repetitive Arch-Up Test (RAUT)

   Time frame: 6th week

   Repetitive Arch-Up Test (RAUT) is used to assess the static back endurance. During the test, the participant lay in a prone position on the plinth with the arms positioned along the sides. The iliac crest is positioned at the edge of the plinth. The lower body is fixed to the plinth by two nonelastic straps located around the pelvis and ankles. With the arms held along the sides touching the body, the subject was asked to flex the upper trunk downward to 45∘ as indicated by a board. The participant then raised the upper trunk upwards to the horizontal position followed by returning back downward to 45 degrees to complete a cycle. The repetition rate is one repetition per two to three seconds. Once the movement becomes jerky or nonsynchronous, or do not reach the horizontal level, the subject is encouraged once to immediately correct the motion again. The test is terminated once the participant could not go on with the tempo of the motion or reported fatigue or exhaustion.

4. Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS)

   Time frame: 6th week

   The NPRS is a segmented numeric version of the visual analog scale (VAS) in which a respondent selects a whole number (0-10 integers) that best reflects the intensity of pain. '0' usually represents 'no pain at all' whereas the upper limit represents 'the worst pain ever possible

5. Oswestry Disability Index (ODI),

   Time frame: 6th week

   Oswestry Disability Index is used to assess pain-related disability in persons with low back pain (LBP). The (ODI) is calculated based on each score of the ODQ, which consists of ten items. Each of the ten items is scored from 0 to 5, and the total is added and multiplied by 2. Therefore, the ODI ranges from 0 to 100. A higher score on the ODI indicates a more severe disability caused by LBP