Comparison of Safety and Efficacy of QS-M Needle- Free Injector and Insulin Pen in Controlling T2DM Patient's Glucose

The research purpose is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of QS-M needle-free injector as a drug carrier in the control of blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by non-inferiority study，using needle-insulin pen as the comparison. This is a prospective, multicenter, randomized, open and parallel grouping study. QS-M needle-free injector produced by Beijing QS medical technology co., Ltd.is used as the insulin carrier in the experimental group. While needle-insulin pen is used as the insulin carrier in the control group. In this study, the investigators investigated whether the changes of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) at the 16th week in the experimental group respected to the baseline is non-inferiority compared with that in control group. A total of 427 patients with T2DM were enrolled in a prospective, multicenter,randomized, open-label study, and were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive 16 weeks' treatment with basal insulin or premixed insulin administered either by a needle-free insulin injector (NFII)or insulin treatment via a conventional insulin pen (CIP)

Patients in both groups entered a 2-week screening period after providing their written informed consent. A run-in period from week 1 to the end of week 4 was implemented to allow treatment adjustment. Assessment visits occurred at screening (week -2), baseline, and week 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 16.After the 4-week run-in phase, the patients entered a 12-week treatment observation period. All patients were unable to change the type of insulin and the number of injections during the study period. In this study, the treatment regimen was adjusted according to the results of the determination of prescription blood glucose. According to clinical experience, the adjustment of blood glucose fluctuations in the possibility of a larger, so the study of the adjustment phase follow-up frequency is greater than the treatment period.

Explanation of Visits and Timing of Assessments:

Baseline assessment was performed for all subjects during the screening period. On the first day of treatment, the first week after treatment (± 2 days), the second week (± 2 days), the 4th week (± 5 days), the 6th week (± 5 days), the 8th week (± 5 days),the 12th week (± 5 days), the 16th week (± 5 days) for visit.The 3th week (± 2 days), the 5th week (± 5 days), the 7th week (± 5 days), the 10th week (± 5 days), the 14th week (± 5 days), for telephone interviews.

Inclusion criteria

• have been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes; (A) have been treated with insulin (premixed or basal) subcutaneous injection therapy (without limitation or combined oral hypoglycemic agents); (B) the subjects with poor blood sugar control is taking oral hypoglycemic agents or living interventions need Initiating insulin therapy (see Appendix 1 for initiating treatment regimens);
• adults aged 18-75 years, women of childbearing age need to take adequate contraceptive measures to reduce the pregnancy risk to the minimum;
• injection of insulin and / or oral hypoglycemic agents ≥ 3 months before enroll the study, the insulin dose adjustment ≤ 10% within 1 month before enrolling (adjustment = (the maximum dose within a month - the minimum dose) / Final dose (dose of the day before the visit) × 100%);
• have a HbAlc value (detected by NGSP approved method) between 7.5-11% ;
• BMI ≤ 32kg / m2, the body weight remained relatively stable, body weight change of no more than 10% at least 3 months before screening,
• Male subjects hemoglobin≥12g/dl (≥ 120g / L), female subjects hemoglobin ≥ 11g / dl (≥ 110g / L);
• serum creatinine <1.5 mg / dL for male subjects, serum creatinine <1.4 mg / dL for female subjects;
• have not participated in other clinical studies related diabetes treatment within 3 months ;
• be volunteered to participate in this clinical study and signed informed consent.

Exclusion criteria

• the persons who attend or perform this study;
• women in pregnancy or lactation;
• have frequent severe hypoglycaemia in one month; have blood glucose control adverse events like diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmotic diabetic coma within half a year;
• have severe cardiovascular events in the past 6 months, such as myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome, cerebral infarction, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular surgery;
• have used hormones or immunosuppressive agents, or have immunologic deficiency disease;
• have end-stage renal disease, and are receiving dialysis treatment;
• have of history of cancer within 5 years;
• have history of severe mental instability;
• have long-term alcohol abuse or drug abuse history;
• have Skin lesions in the insulin injection site;
• have history of anemia caused by hemoglobinopathy (such as sickle cell red blood cell anemia, thalassemia, sideroblastic anemia) or any other course;
• have critically ill, or life expectancy is less than one year;
• difficult to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the device intervention;
• have a clear infection history within a month, such as pneumonia;
• have active liver disease (AST> 3 times of normal upper limit or ALT> 3 times of normal upper limit);
• have history of acute pancreatitis within a month;
• have history of insulin allergy;
• have been expected to have poor compliance and can not be treated according to the research protocol;
• other cases that investigators believe that the subject may fail to complete the study or may have a significant impact.