Comparison of RCA and RACD in Extra-renal Purification by SLED

Background: Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT), requires anticoagulation of the extracorporal circuit (ECC) using heparin, citrate or repeated rinsing. Difficulties of implementation or exposition to complications (thrombosis, hemorrhage or electrolyte disorder) are frequent.

Purpose: Regional anticoagulation of the ECC based on ionized calcemia reduction, as using citrate, but induced by the use of a calcium-free dialysate associated with the performance of the hemofilter could reduce these risks and the cost of intermittent RRT. This study aims to compare the efficiency of a regional anticoagulation technique based on the reduction of Ionized Calcium in the extracorporal circuit, without the use of Citrate and with Citrate during intermittent RRT.

Abstract: One of the main RRT issue is anticoagulation of the ECC, because blood contact with biomaterials causes bio-incompatibility reactions, including activation of the coagulation cascade. Based on Regional Citrate anticoagulation (RCA) protocols, an ionized calcium (Ca-ion) concentration around 0.25 to 0.35mmol/L prevents fibrino formation and allows anticoagulation for the ECC. During RCA, metabolic side effects may occur due to systemic passage of citrate. Our postulate is that reduction of ionized calcemia related to the use of a calcium-free dialysate and haemofilter performance makes it possible to avoid citrate infusion. Our study aims at comparing intermittent RRT using 4% Citrate infusion and without Citrate.

Inclusion criteria

• All patient requiring Renal replacement Therapy

Exclusion criteria

• Age < 18 years
• Pregnancy
• Hypercalcemia ≥ 3 mmol/L.
• Major under guardianship
• Major deprived of freedom
• Impossible to obtain free and informed consent
• Presence of hemostasis or coagulation disorders:
• Thrombocytopenia < 30 G/L.
• Curative anticoagulation.
• Severe liver disease with Prothrombin rate <30%.
• Coagulation factor deficit.
• Not registered to a social security system.