Comparison of Niel-Asher and Spencer Techniques in Frozen Shoulder Patients

Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a common musculoskeletal condition characterised by pain, stiffness, and reduced range of motion of the glenohumeral joint. It is often associated with idiopathic onset, and can significantly impair daily activities and quality of life. While conventional physiotherapy-including modalities such as heat, TENS, and therapeutic exercise-forms the basis of treatment, there is growing evidence supporting the use of manual therapy techniques for enhanced outcomes.

This randomised controlled trial investigates the comparative effects of the Niel-Asher Technique and the Spencer Technique, each provided alongside standard conventional physiotherapy. A total of 44 patients meeting inclusion criteria (age 35-65 years, diagnosed with stage II adhesive capsulitis, and VAS pain score <7/10) will be enrolled and randomly assigned to one of two groups using computer-generated numbers and sealed envelope allocation.

Group A will receive the Niel-Asher Technique, which targets trigger points and myofascial release to reduce muscle guarding and pain. Group B will receive the Spencer Technique, a structured sequence of mobilisation techniques often used in osteopathic manual therapy. Both groups will also receive conventional therapy including moist heat, TENS, Codman exercises, finger ladder exercises, and capsular stretching.

The intervention will be administered three times per week over a 4-week period. Primary outcome measures include shoulder pain assessed by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), range of motion measured by a universal goniometer, and functional status assessed by the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI).

Data will be analysed using SPSS 25.0. Parametric or non-parametric tests will be applied based on data distribution. The findings of this study aim to provide evidence for clinical decision-making in the manual therapy treatment of frozen shoulder and may help establish more effective, hands-on techniques in physiotherapy practice.

Inclusion criteria

• Age group between 35-65 years diagnosed with primary Adhesive Capsulitis.
• Both gender male and female.
• Both Active and passive Range of Motion is limited.
• Stage II Frozen Shoulder patients (Freezing Stage,3-9 months).
• More than 50% of range of motion is limited in Flexion, Abduction and External rotation as compared to unaffected side.
• Pain reported on VAS score <7/10 in shoulder region.
• Patients agree to sign written consent form.

Exclusion criteria

• Patients with systemic illness:
• Diabetes Mellitus, Thyroid disorders.
• Rheumatoid Arthritis, Malignancy.
• Patients with mechanical injuries like:
• Rotator Cuff injury, Ligamentous Injuries.23
• Previous Surgery or Manipulation under Anesthesia.
• Patients with Stage I, III, IV of Frozen Shoulder.
• Patient reported with VAS score >7/10 in shoulder region.