Comparison of Efficacy of Vitamin D and Vitamin D-calcium Fortified Yogurt Drink in Diabetic Patients

ninety diabetic patients will be selected. Patients who are receiving vitamin D, calcium or omega-3 supplements within the last three months will be excluded. Patients will be assigned randomly to one of the three intervention groups. 1. Plain yogurt drink 2. Vitamin D-fortified yogurt drink 3. Vitamin D-calcium fortified yogurt drink. Each patient will consume 2 servings of yogurt drink every day for 3 months with lunch and dinner. At the first and last visits, dietary and laboratory assessments will be performed for all patients. Primary outcomes are improvement in glycemic, inflammatory and immunity markers and secondary outcome is prevention of long-term diabetic complications.

Inclusion criteria

Age:

• 30 to 50 years,
• Fasting blood glucose ≥ 126 mg/dl

Exclusion criteria

• Receiving vitamin D or calcium or omega-3 supplements within the last three months,
• On any medication which could potentially influence vitamin D metabolism (notably estrogens, and calcitonin) within the last three months,
• Any other concomitant disease such as renal, hepatic, and other endocrinological disorders, and malignancies, which could influence vitamin D metabolism.
• Receiving insulin or any change in the type and/or dose of the current hypoglycemic medications