Comparison Effects of Three Regional Anesthetic Technique on Pain During Video-assisted Thorascopic Surgery(VATS)

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is a minimally invasive thoracic surgery procedure performed with the help of a retractor-free camera through small skin incisions used to diagnose and treat chest diseases. Many of the major procedures traditionally performed with open thoracoscopic surgery can be performed using smaller sections with video assistance.

Thanks to the advances in minimally invasive techniques, the non-intubated thoracoscopic approach has been adapted even for use with major lung resections.

An adequate analgesia obtained from regional anaesthesia techniques allows VATS to be performed in sedated patients and the potential adverse effects related to general anaesthesia and selective ventilation can be avoided. The non-intubated procedures try to minimize the adverse effects of tracheal intubation and general anaesthesia, such as intubation-related airway trauma, ventilation-induced lung injury, residual neuromuscular blockade, and postoperative nausea and vomiting.

Local anaesthetic techniques essential for nonentubeted video assisted thoracic surgery include thoracic epidural anaesthesia, cervical epidural anaesthesia, paravertebral block, intercostal nerve block, injection of local anaesthetic at the site of trocar incision local vagus blockade, erector spinae plane block, serratus anterior plane block and pectoralis nerve block.

Thoracic epidural analgesia, once considered the gold standard for thoracotomy; due to the risks of complications related to dural puncture, epidural hematoma, neuropathy and hypotension, it is no longer the first choice for VATS and has been replaced by peripheral blocks.

ANI is a monitor that can be measured continuously and non-invasively. It measures parasympathetic tone - based on electrocardiography - by analyzing minimal changes in heart rate that occur under anesthesia, in the early stages of awakening, and in each respiratory cycle of awake patients. At the end of the measurement, a value between 0-100 is obtained.

Parasympathetic modulation (stress level, e.g., pain) is obtained with a minimum value of 0 and a maximum of 100. ANI values measured in the early period of recovery correlate with pain scores. When compared with hemodynamic parameters, it has been reported that the ANI response is more sensitive to nociceptive stimuli occurring in the intraoperative period.

In the high-risk patient group who will undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in the Faculty of Medicine of Erciyes University, the pain sensation in patients will be evaluated using ANI in the perioperative period, after the peripheral nerve blocks have been applied to different anatomical areas that are routinely used.

The aim of this study is to objectively reveal the perioperative pain after peripheral block applications in the patient group with serious additional morbidities by using the ANI device. It is expected that this study will enable more effective analgesia control in patients.

Inclusion criteria

• Patient over the age of 18 under the 80 Who will undergo video assisted thoracic surgery -ASA group 2-3-4.
• Patients without opioid addiction.
• Patients without allergies.
• Patients without psychiatric disorder.
• Patients without arrhymia and beta-blocker use.
• Patients without contraindications for peripheral blocks.

Exclusion criteria

• Patients under age of 18
• Patients undergo surgery under general anesthesia
• Patients undergo emergency surgery
• Patients allergic to local anesthesia
• Patients wit bleeding diathesis