Comparision of IPACK and Periarticular Block With Adductor Block Alone After Total Knee Artroplasty

Total knee replacement (TKP) is accepted as one of the major orthopedic surgery that most patients suffer from pain in the postoperative period. The primary aim of this research is to compare the analgesic efficacy of infiltration between the popliteal artery and capsule of the knee(IPACK) with the periarticular block when an additional adductor canal block is used. In the literature, adductor canal block(ACB) and sciatic nerve block are used as part of multimodal analgesia for postoperative pain management of patients undergoing TKP. Nevertheless, ACB is found less effective for pain originating from the posterior part of the knee. Sciatic nerve block and periarticular injection(PAI) are commonly used blocks to improve the analgesic effect of ACB. Besides this, ACB is effective for pain originated from the posterior part of the knee. IPACK block is performed under ultrasound guidance and targets the articular branches of tibial, common peroneal, and obturator nerves with sparing lower extremity motor function.

Patients scheduled for knee surgery under spinal anesthesia are included fort his study. All groups will be applied 0.03 mg/kg midazolam iv, then spinal anesthesia will be applied to 15 mg 0.5 % heavy bupivacaine. Three groups of 105 patients will be included in the study.

Adductor Canal Block (ACB) (Group A ) (n:35): After the patients are given the supine position, under the guidance of the ultrasound linear probe, 10-15cm proximal to the knee joint, under the sartorius muscle, next to the femoral artery. After the saphenous is observed, 0.25% 20 mL of bupivacaine will be given

Adductor + İPACK Grup ( group B) (n: 35): Adductor canal 0.25% 20 mL of bupivacaine will be administered. After the knee is flexed, after the convex probe is placed in the popliteal space, 20 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine will be injected into the area between the popliteal artery and the femur called IPACK

Adductor + PAI ( group C) (n: 35): Adductor canal 0.25% 20 mL of bupivacaine will be administered. Patients will receive 60 ml of local anesthetic cocktail intraoperatively by the surgeon. At the end of the operation to the peri-articular area (posterior capsule, collateral ligament, quadriceps muscle). Cocktail consists of 40 ml 0.25% bupivacaine + 8 ml 8 mg morphine+12 ml saline.

Routine multimodal analgesia will be used for postoperative analgesia

Inclusion criteria

• Physical status according to American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I-III
• Patients scheduled for total knee arthroplasty

Exclusion criteria

• Previous operation on same knee
• Hepatic or renal insufficiency
• Younger than 18 years old and older than 85
• Patients undergoing general anesthesia
• Allergy or intolerance to one of the study medications
• BMI > 40
• ASA IV
• Chronic gabapentin/pregabalin use (regular use for longer than 3 months)
• Chronic opioid use (taking opioids for longer than 3 months, or daily oral morphine equivalent of >5mg/day for one month)