Comparing UTD2 Combined With Capecitabine to Capecitabine as Adjuvant Therapy for Non-pCR TNBC Patients

This is a prospective, randomized, open-label phase III clinical study that aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the combination therapy involving the use of oral UTD2 capsule in conjunction with capecitabine, as compared to the efficacy and safety of capecitabine monotherapy. The study is specifically focused on patients diagnosed with triple-negative early breast cancer who, after undergoing neoadjuvant therapy, did not achieve a pathological complete response (pCR). The primary objective of this research is to assess whether the addition of UTD2 to capecitabine can provide a more effective adjuvant treatment option for this particular group of patients.

Inclusion criteria

• Informed Consent and Compliance The patient has fully understood this study and voluntarily signed the informed consent form, demonstrating the ability and willingness to comply with the study protocol-defined visits, treatment plans, laboratory tests, and other study procedures.
• Age and Gender Female patients aged 18 to 70 years old (inclusive) on the day of signing the informed consent.
• Prior Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy without pCR Received prior neoadjuvant chemotherapy containing anthracycline or taxane agents without achieving pathological complete response (pCR).

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy requirement: At least 4 completed cycles. Non-pCR definition: Residual invasive carcinoma confirmed by pathology after primary tumor resection.

• Surgical Resection Underwent complete surgical resection (R0) with pathologically confirmed negative margins.
• Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Confirmation

Post-resection tumor tissue confirmed as ER-negative, PR-negative, and HER2-negative breast cancer by immunohistochemistry (IHC):

ER-negative: <1% expression by IHC. PR-negative: <1% expression by IHC. HER2-negative: IHC score of 0 or 1+, or 2+ with negative in situ hybridization (ISH) results.

• Postoperative Treatment No prior systemic anticancer therapy (excluding radiotherapy) after breast cancer surgery.
• Performance Status ECOG performance status of 0 to 1.
• Hematological Criteria (within 1 week prior to enrollment)

Blood tests meet the following criteria (CTCAE v5.0 ≤ Grade 1, based on institutional laboratory standards):

White blood cell (WBC) count ≥ 3.0 × 10^9/L. Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1.5 × 10^9/L. Platelet (PLT) count ≥ 100 × 10^9/L. Hemoglobin ≥ 9.0 g/dL. No administration of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF), blood products, or erythropoietin (EPO) within 14 days prior to enrollment.

• Biochemical Criteria (within 1 week prior to enrollment)

Normal blood biochemistry (CTCAE v5.0 ≤ Grade 1, based on institutional laboratory standards):

Total bilirubin (TBIL) ≤ 1.5 × upper limit of normal (ULN). Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≤ 1.5 × ULN. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ≤ 1.5 × ULN. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) ≤ 2.5 × ULN. Creatinine clearance (Ccr) ≥ 50 mL/min. Contraception Requirements Fertile patients must agree to use highly effective contraception (hormonal, barrier methods, or abstinence) with their partners during the trial and for at least 6 months after the last dose. Premenopausal female patients must have a negative blood or urine pregnancy test before enrollment.

Exclusion criteria

• Stage IV metastatic breast cancer.
• Bilateral breast cancer.
• History of other malignancies within the past 5 years, except for cured basal cell carcinoma of the skin, cervical carcinoma in situ, or papillary thyroid carcinoma.
• Radiotherapy within 2 weeks prior to the first dose of the study drug.
• Surgery within 2 weeks prior to the first dose of the study drug.
• Prior treatment with utidelone or capecitabine, known hypersensitivity to utidelone, capecitabine, or fluoropyrimidines, or confirmed dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) deficiency.
• Prior adverse reactions to anticancer therapy have not recovered to CTCAE v5.0 Grade ≤1 (excluding toxicities deemed non-risky by the investigator, such as alopecia).
• Gastrointestinal disorders (e.g., esophageal obstruction, pyloric obstruction, intestinal obstruction), post-gastrointestinal resection, or other factors causing dysphagia that may interfere with oral drug absorption.
• Severe comorbidities, including significant cardiac/cerebrovascular disease, uncontrolled diabetes/hypertension, active infections, or active peptic ulcer.
• Active hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.
• History of immunodeficiency (e.g., HIV-positive status, congenital/acquired immunodeficiency disorders) or organ transplantation.
• Psychiatric disorders or poor compliance.
• Pregnancy (positive pregnancy test) or lactation.
• Concurrent participation in another interventional clinical study or receiving other investigational therapies.
• Concomitant use of potent CYP3A4 inhibitors/inducers or QT-prolonging drugs within 14 days prior to the first dose or during the study.
• Other conditions deemed unsuitable for study participation by the investigator.