Comparing the Effects of Front-of-Package Labeling Schemes in Indonesia

Correct identification of products as high in nutrients of concern will be measured categorically by survey. Response will be coded in a dichotomous 0-1 range, where 1 indicates that the participant correctly identified that the product was high in a nutrient of concern and 0 indicates that the participant did not correctly identify that the products was high in a nutrient of concern.

Perceived message effectiveness will be measured by survey through a three-item scale. Items will inquire about how much participants perceive the labels to (1) discourage them from wanting to buy products with non-nutritive sweeteners for their child, (2) make them concerned about the health effects of their child consuming products with non-nutritive sweeteners, and (3) make buying products with non-nutritive sweeteners for their child seem unpleasant to them. Response options will be on a 5-point scale between "not at all" (coded as 1) and "very much" (coded as 5), with higher scores representing a higher perceived message effectiveness. Each participant's responses to each item will be combined to obtain their final score on the outcome.

How much attention the labels draw will be measured by survey. Response options will be on a 5-point scale between "not at all" (coded as 1) and "extremely" (coded as 5), with higher scores representing more attention drawn by the labels.

How easy or difficult the information presented by the labels is to understand will be measured by survey. Response options will be on a 5-point scale between "very difficult" (coded as 1) and "very easy" (coded as 5), with higher scores representing higher ease of understanding the labels.

How much participants would oppose or support a law requiring the labels products with too much sugar, salt, and fat will be measured by survey. Response options will be on a 5-point scale between "strongly oppose" (coded as 1) and "Strongly support" (coded as 5), with higher scores representing higher support for the labels.

How much participants trust or distrust the information presented by the labels will be measured by survey. Response options will be on a 5-point scale between "distrust completely" (coded as 1) and "trust completely" (coded as 5), with higher scores representing more trust in the labels.

How acceptable would the labels would be in Indonesian society will be measured by survey. Response options will be on a 5-point scale between "completely unacceptable" (coded as 1) and "completely acceptable" (coded as 5), with higher scores representing more cultural acceptance of the labels.

Reactance to the labels will be measured by survey through a three-item scale. Items will inquire about how much participants agree or disagree that the labels (1) are trying to manipulate them, (2) are overblown, and (3) annoy them. Response options to each item will be on a 5-point scale between "strongly disagree" (coded as 1) and "strongly agree" (coded as 5), with higher scores representing a reactance to the labels. Each participant's responses to each item will be averaged to obtain their final score on the outcome on a scale between 1-5, where a higher score indicates higher reactance to the labels.