Comparing the Clinical Characteristics of Male LADA, T1DM and T2DM Patients

Diabetes is a common chronic disease in most parts of the world. Diabetes-related complications are harmful to the human body. There are also fewer studies on the relationship between specific types of diabetes and clinical diseases such as osteoporosis and Hypogonadism. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of hypogonadism and osteoporosis among male patients with latent autoimmune diabetes (LADA), type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and investigate the protective factors for hypogonadism and osteoporosis in these patients. This cross-sectional study evaluated male patients with LADA, T1DM, and T2DM who visited the endocrinology department of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital for diabetes management. Sex hormones, lipid profiles, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, beta-cell function, uric acid, and osteocalcin were determined in serum samples. Therefor，clarifying the differences in the clinical characteristics of adult men with LADA, T1DM and T2DM will help to further understand the effects of diabetes on bone metabolism and sex hormones.

Inclusion criteria

• 30 ~ 80 years old male;
• Meet the American Diabetes Association (ADA) definition and standards for diabetes

Exclusion criteria

• having diseases that affect bone and calcium metabolism, such as hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, hypogonadism, cushing syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, cirrhosis, or malignant tumor;
• the use in the past 6 months of drugs that interfere with bone and calcium metabolism, such as sex steroids, vitamin D metabolites, calcitonin, bisphosphonates, and thyroid hormone;
• moderate or severe liver and renal dysfunction, including serum alanine aminotransferase of 120 IU/L, aspartate aminotransferase of 80 IU/L, and serum creatinine of 120 μmol/L.

4）a history of congenital/hypogonadotropic hypogonadism or hyperthyroidism, or those who received testosterone replacement therapy in the past 6 months were excluded.