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Muscular Strength: 1 Repetition Maximum (1 RM) Bench Press
Time frame: Measured prior to supplementation (Pre), and after 16 weeks
Changes in bench press 1 Repetition Maximum (1RM) obtained from a bench press test and analyzed by General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean change from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's)
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Muscular Strength: 1 Repetition Maximum (1 RM) Leg Press
Time frame: Measured prior to supplementation (Pre), and after 16 weeks
Changes in leg press 1RM obtained from a leg press test and analyzed by General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean change from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's)
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Muscular Endurance: 80% of 1 Repetition Maximum (1 RM) Bench Press Endurance Test
Time frame: Measured prior to supplementation (Pre), and after 16 weeks
Changes in total repetitions at 80% of 1RM obtained from a bench press test and analyzed by General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean change from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's)
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Muscular Endurance: 80% of 1 Repetition Maximum (1 RM) Leg Press Endurance Test
Time frame: Measured prior to supplementation (Pre), and after 16 weeks
Changes in total repetitions at 80% of 1RM obtained from a leg press test and analyzed by General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean change from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's)
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Lipid Panel: Cholesterol
Time frame: Measured prior to supplementation (Pre), and after 4, 6, 10, 12 and 16 weeks
Changes in cholesterol obtained via venous blood draws and analyzed by General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean change from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's)
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Lipid Panel: HDL Cholesterol
Time frame: Measured prior to supplementation (Pre), and after 4, 6, 10, 12 and 16 weeks
Changes in HDL cholesterol obtained via venous blood draws and analyzed by General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean change from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's)
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Lipid Panel: LDL Cholesterol
Time frame: Measured prior to supplementation (Pre), and after 4, 6, 10, 12 and 16 weeks
Changes in LDL cholesterol obtained via venous blood draws and analyzed by General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean change from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's)
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Lipid Panel: Triglycerides
Time frame: Measured prior to supplementation (Pre), and after 4, 6, 10, 12 and 16 weeks
Changes in triglycerides obtained via venous blood draws and analyzed by General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean change from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's)
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Lipid Panel: Cholesterol:HDL Ratio
Time frame: Measured prior to supplementation (Pre), and after 4, 6, 10, 12 and 16 weeks
Changes in cholesterol to HDL cholesterol ratio obtained via venous blood draws and analyzed by General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean change from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's)
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Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP): Glucose
Time frame: Measured prior to supplementation (Pre), and after 4, 6, 10, 12 and 16 weeks
Changes in glucose obtained via venous blood draws and analyzed by General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean change from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's)
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Hormones: Insulin
Time frame: Measured prior to supplementation (Pre), and after 4, 6, 10, 12 and 16 weeks
Changes in insulin obtained via venous blood draws and analyzed by General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean change from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's)
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Hormones: Leptin
Time frame: Measured prior to supplementation (Pre), and after 4, 6, 10, 12 and 16 weeks
Changes in leptin obtained via venous blood draws and analyzed by General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean change from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's)
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Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR): Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance
Time frame: Measured prior to supplementation (Pre), and after 4, 6, 10, 12 and 16 weeks
Changes in HOMA-IR obtained via venous blood draws and analyzed by General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean change from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's)
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Hemodynamic Variable: Resting Heart Rate (HR)
Time frame: Measured prior to supplementation (Pre), and after 4, 6, 10, 12 and 16 weeks
Changes in resting heart rate (HR) obtained via a blood pressure meter and analyzed by General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean change from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's)
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Hemodynamic Variable: Resting Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP)
Time frame: Measured prior to supplementation (Pre), and after 4, 6, 10, 12 and 16 weeks
Changes in resting systolic blood pressure (SBP) obtained via a blood pressure meter and analyzed by General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean change from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's)
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Hemodynamic Variable: Resting Diastolic Blood Pressure (SBP)
Time frame: Measured prior to supplementation (Pre), and after 4, 6, 10, 12 and 16 weeks
Changes in resting diastolic blood pressure (DBP) obtained via a blood pressure meter and analyzed by General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean change from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's)
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Anthropometric Measures: Waist Circumference
Time frame: Measured prior to supplementation (Pre), and after 4, 6, 10, 12 and 16 weeks
Changes in waist circumference obtained via tape measure and analyzed by General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean change from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's)
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Anthropometric Measures: Hip Circumference
Time frame: Measured prior to supplementation (Pre), and after 4, 6, 10, 12 and 16 weeks
Changes in hip circumference obtained via tape measure and analyzed by General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean change from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's)
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Anthropometric Measures: Waist to Hip Ratio
Time frame: Measured prior to supplementation (Pre), and after 4, 6, 10, 12 and 16 weeks
Changes in the ratio of waist to hip (waist/hip circumference) analyzed with related anthropometric outcome measures via General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean change from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's)
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Exercise Capacity: Peak Exercise Capacity (VO2)
Time frame: Measured prior to supplementation (Pre), and after 16 weeks
Changes in exercise capacity (VO2 max) obtained via a treadmill test and analyzed by General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean change from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's)
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Exercise Capacity: Time to Peak Exercise Capacity (time to peak VO2)
Time frame: Measured prior to supplementation (Pre), and after 16 weeks
Changes in exercise capacity (time to peak VO2 max) obtained via a treadmill test and analyzed by General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean change from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's)
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Dietary Energy Intake: Total Caloric Intake (kcals/d)
Time frame: Measured prior to supplementation (Pre), and after 4, 6, 10, 12 and 16 weeks
Changes in caloric/energy intake (kcals/d) analyzed with related energy intake outcome measures via General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean change from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's)
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Dietary Energy Intake: Carbohydrate
Time frame: Measured prior to supplementation (Pre), and after 4, 6, 10, 12 and 16 weeks
Changes in dietary carbohydrate intake (g/d and g/kg/d) analyzed with related energy intake outcome measures via General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean change from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's)
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Dietary Energy Intake: Fat
Time frame: Measured prior to supplementation (Pre), and after 4, 6, 10, 12 and 16 weeks
Changes in dietary fat intake (g/d and g/kg/d) analyzed with related energy intake outcome measures via General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean change from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's)
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Dietary Energy Intake: Protein
Time frame: Measured prior to supplementation (Pre), and after 4, 6, 10, 12 and 16 weeks
Changes in dietary protein intake (g/d and g/kg/d) analyzed with related energy intake outcome measures via General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean change from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's)