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NCT Number: NCT05953246

Comparing Designs for Restaurant "Eco-Labels"

The aim of this study is to compare responses to 5 different types of labels for restaurant menus: 1) Control (non-sustainability-label: neutral labels not referencing environmental sustainability); 2) Numeric text-only sustainability label; 3) Endorsement text-only sustainability label; 4) Endorsement icon-only sustainability label; 5) Endorsement text-plus-icon sustainability label. Participants will be randomized to 1 of the 5 labeling arms above. Each participant will view 3 labels (shown in random order) from their randomly assigned labeling arm and respond to survey questions about each label (e.g., attention, perceived effectiveness).

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Key information

Age range

18 year and older

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Stanford School of Medicine

Palo Alto, California, 94304, United States

About this study

This is an online randomized controlled trial. Investigators will recruit participants through a survey company to complete an online survey. In the study, participants will be randomized to 1 of 5 labeling arms: 1) Control (non-sustainability-label: neutral labels not referencing environmental sustainability); 2) Numeric text-only sustainability label; 3) Endorsement text-only sustainability label; 4) Endorsement icon-only sustainability label; 5) Endorsement text-plus-icon sustainability label. Participants will be randomized to 1 of the 5 labeling arms above. Each participant will view 3 labels (shown in random order) from their randomly assigned labeling arm and respond to survey questions about each label (e.g., attention, perceived effectiveness).

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Participants will be US adults
  • Ages 18 or older
  • With an over-sample of adults (50% of total sample) 18-29 years

Exclusion criteria

  • Younger than 18
  • Non-US

Treatment and study plan

Neutral labels

Behavioral

Participants view neutral labels (QR codes with and without neutral text) for menu items

Numeric text-only sustainability labels

Behavioral

Participants view labels with numeric text depicting the greenhouse gas emissions associated with production of the menu item

Endorsement text-only sustainability labels

Behavioral

Participants view labels using text to endorse menu items as having low environmental impact

Endorsement icon-only sustainability labels

Behavioral

Participants view labels using icons to endorse menu items as having low environmental impact

Endorsement text-plus-icon sustainability labels

Behavioral

Participants view labels using text and icons to endorse menu items as having low environmental impact

Primary outcomes

  1. Perceived message effectiveness

    Time frame: The survey will take up to 20 minutes

    Participants will rate the extent to which the label makes them want to choose items with the label on a 5-point scale ranging from low (1) to high (5). They will also rate the extent to which the label makes eating items with the label seem appealing to them on a 5-point scale ranging from low (1) to high (5). These items are adapted from the 3-item UNC Perceived Message Effectiveness scale. Investigators will average responses to these two items to create a perceived message effectiveness score, which will also range from low (1) to high (5). Higher scores therefore indicate higher perceived message effectiveness.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Attention

    Time frame: The survey will take up to 20 minutes

    Participants will rate the extent to which the label captures their attention on a 5-point response scale ranging from low (1) to high (5). Higher scores indicate more attention-grabbing labels (a better outcome).

  2. Thinking about environmental effects

    Time frame: The survey will take up to 20 minutes

    Participants will rate the extent to which the label makes them think about the environmental impacts of their food choices on a 5-point response scale ranging from low (1) to high (5). Higher scores indicate labels elicit more thinking about environmental effects (a better outcome).

  3. Anticipated social interactions

    Time frame: The survey will take up to 20 minutes

    Participants will rate how likely they are to talk about the label with others in the next week on a 5-point response scale ranging from low (1) to high (5). Higher scores indicate labels elicit more anticipated social interactions (a better outcome).

  4. Believability

    Time frame: The survey will take up to 20 minutes

    Participants will rate how believable the label is on a 5-point response scale ranging from low (1) to high (5). Higher scores indicate labels are more believable (a better outcome).

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Stanford University

Other

Collaborators

  • Harvard Pilgrim Health Care

Registry information

Official study title

Comparing Designs for Environmental Sustainability "Eco-Labels" for Restaurant Menus

Important dates

Study start
2023
Primary completion
2023
Study completion
2023
First posted
Jul 20, 2023
Registry last updated
Aug 16, 2023

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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