Comparative Efficacy of ARNI Versus ACE Inhibitor Therapy in Egyptian Children With Dilated Cardiomyopathy

The trial aims to directly compare two therapies for pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy. Captopril, an ACE inhibitor, has long been the gold standard in managing pediatric heart failure. However, sacubitril/valsartan, an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI), has emerged as a potentially superior therapy with demonstrated benefits in adults. This study will assess if the newer ARNI therapy provides improved cardiac function and tolerability compared to traditional ACE inhibition in Egyptian children with DCM. Children meeting echocardiographic diagnostic criteria for systolic dysfunction will be randomized into two treatment arms. Over twelve months, detailed clinical, echocardiographic, and laboratory evaluations will track changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), hospitalizations, safety, and quality of life. The ultimate goal is to establish evidence-based guidance for the optimal treatment of pediatric DCM in Egypt.electrolyte imbalance are excluded. The study will include a balanced distribution of both sexes, across pediatric age groups (ranging from infants to adolescents), reflective of the typical spectrum of DCM presentation in Egypt.

Inclusion criteria

• Age 1 month to 18 years

Diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy via echocardiography

LVEDD z-score > 2 (indexed to body surface area or age)

LVEF <45% and FS <25%

Clinically stable for ≥2 weeks prior to enrollment

Receiving optimized guideline-based heart failure therapy (excluding ACEI/ARNI prior to study)

Exclusion criteria

• Known hypersensitivity/contraindications to ACEIs or ARNIs

Severe renal impairment (eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m²)

Persistent hyperkalemia (K+ >5.5 mmol/L)

Other cardiomyopathies (hypertrophic, restrictive) or unrelated congenital/structural heart disease

Severe hepatic impairment