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Completed

NCT Number: NCT07683130

Comparative Effects of Mirror Therapy, Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation, and Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy on Upper Limb Motor Recovery in Stroke Survivors: A Three-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial

This study aimed to compare the effects of these three interventions on upper limb motor recovery in stroke survivors.

A three-arm randomized controlled trial was conducted in which eligible participants (N=90) with post-stroke upper limb hemiparesis were randomly allocated into three groups of 30 each: MT group, PNF group, and CIMT group. All groups received their respective interventions alongside conventional physiotherapy, five sessions per week for six weeks.

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Key information

Conditions

Stroke Brain Diseases Cardiovascular Diseases Central Nervous System Diseases Cerebrovascular Disorders Nervous System Diseases Vascular Diseases

Age range

25 year–65 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Ikram Hospital, Gujrat

Gujrat, Punjab Province, Pakistan

About this study

Stroke remains a leading cause of long-term disability worldwide, with upper limb motor impairment being one of the most prevalent and debilitating consequences. While several neurorehabilitation approaches have demonstrated efficacy individually, limited evidence existed comparing the relative effectiveness of mirror therapy (MT), proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF), and constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) within a single trial framework. This study aimed to compare the effects of these three interventions on upper limb motor recovery in stroke survivors.

A three-arm randomized controlled trial was conducted in which eligible participants (N=90) with post-stroke upper limb hemiparesis were randomly allocated into three groups of 30 each: MT group, PNF group, and CIMT group. All groups received their respective interventions alongside conventional physiotherapy, five sessions per week for six weeks. The outcome measure were the Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) and grip strength via hand-held dynamometry. Assessments were performed at baseline and at after 12 weeks post-intervention.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

Stroke Patients Both male and female Age: 25-65 years -

Exclusion criteria

unable to perform exercises Do not provide consent Cognitive Impairment

-

Treatment and study plan

Mirror Therapy

Other

Mirror Therapy: Participant in the group were provided mirror therapy for a duration of 12 weeks

PNF

Other

PNF Group: Participant were given PNF therapy for a total duration of 12 weeks

Constraint-induced movement therapy

Other

Constraint-induced movement therapy: Participant were given Constraint-induced movement therapy for a total duration of 12 weeks

Primary outcomes

  1. Action Research Arm Test

    Time frame: 12 weeks

    The assessment were taken at baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention

  2. Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity

    Time frame: 12 weeks

    The assessment were taken at baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention

  3. Modified Ashworth Scale

    Time frame: 12 weeks

    The assessment were taken at baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention

  4. grip strength via hand-held dynamometry

    Time frame: 12 weeks

    The assessment were taken at baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Foundation of Medical Research and Laboratories, Pakistan

Other

Registry information

Important dates

Study start
2025
Primary completion
2026
Study completion
2026
First posted
Jul 6, 2026
Registry last updated
Jul 6, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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