CommunityRx-Kidney Health

Acute healthcare utilization is measured as the sum of self-reported 911 calls, ambulance visits, emergency room visits, urgent care visits, and hospital admissions across the 12-month follow-up period.

Number of ambulatory (physician office) visits across the 12-month follow-up period is self-reported based on responses to an item originally used in DIAMOND RCT: "How many times have you seen a physician for an office visit?"

Self-efficacy for finding social and self-care resources is measured using an item developed from Bandura's self-efficacy theory and used in prior CommunityRx trials: "How confident are you in your ability to find resources in your community that help you manage your health?" Responses will be assessed on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from '1' (not at all confident) to '4' (completely confident).

Attitude about social and self-care resources are measured using a self-report Likert item adapted and tested in prior CommunityRx studies: "Your community has the resources you need to manage your health." Response options range from '1' (strongly agree) to '5' (strongly disagree).

Knowledge of social and self-care resources is measured using a self-reported item adapted and tested in prior CommunityRx studies and repeated for 12 resource types: "Do you know of places in your community that offer [resource type]?" The research team will report the sum of resource types that participants endorse knowledge of.

Use of social and self-care resources (for which a participant reports knowledge) is measured using a self-report item adapted and tested in prior CommunityRx studies and repeated for 12 resource types: "Have you received services from places like this for you or your household in the past 3 months?" The research team will report the total number of resource types that participants endorse using.

Unmet social and self-care needs are measured using self-report items adapted and tested in prior CommunityRx studies and repeated for 12 resource types. Participants who report not having used a resource type in the past 3 months respond to: "Is this a service that you or your household needs?" Participants who report having used a resource type in the past 3 months respond to: "Do these places meet your [resource type] needs?" The research team will report the total number of resource types that participants endorse needing.

Sharing of social and self-care resources (for which a participant reports knowledge) is measured using a self-report item adapted and tested in prior CommunityRx studies and repeated for 12 resource types: "Did you tell anyone about places like this in the past 3 months?" The research team will report the sum of resource types that participants endorse sharing.

The 10-item Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Global-10 assesses general health-related quality of life and is self-reported. Response options are presented as nine 5-point and one 11-point Likert scales. Higher raw sum scores indicate greater health-related quality-of-life.