Comfort Talk for Pediatric Cardiac Catheterization

Among scheduled children for cardiac catheterization at the Labatt Family Health Center Cardiac Diagnostic and Interventional Unit (CDIU) , potential participants will be identified at their pre-catheterization clinic visit, the study explained, and informed consent obtained. On the day of their procedure, participants will be randomized to one of 4 groups. In the pre-catheterization work-up area, a modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS) plus anxiety and pain self-ratings on verbal 0-10 scales will be obtained. In intervention groups A and C a pre-procedure Comfort Talk script will be read while the parent or guardian is present. Patients in Group B and D will not have a script read. The participants will be reassessed by mYPAS and asked to rate their level of pain and anxiety again on entering the procedure room and then care will continue as usual. The team members and anaesthesiologist will be blinded to the prior treatment and behave naturally but abstain from formalized use of hypnosis, invitation to imagery, use of scripts or electronic means of distraction. Induction of anaesthesia and the procedure will continue according to laboratory routine. Use of premedication will be permitted as per judgement of the anaesthesiologist. After induction a Paediatric Anesthesia Behaviour score (PAB) rating will be obtained. Prior to extubation, one of the CDIU nurses will read the pre-extubation script for those subjects in Groups B and C. Extubation and transfer to recovery will follow usual routine.

When the patients are transferred to the recovery room nurses will be unaware of group attribution. On waking from anaesthesia and up to 6 hours post-operatively, participants will again be asked to rate their levels of pain and anxiety at various intervals.

Within 24-48 hours of discharge from the hospital, families will be called to follow-up on their experience in the CDIU using the follow-up questionnaire regularly used by the CDIU nurses. At the same time the parents will be reminded to fill in the Post Hospitalization Behaviour Questionnaire (PHBQ) reflecting the child's behaviour in the first week after the procedure and mail it back in the stamped addressed envelope provided. If the envelope has not been mailed back within 10 days one of the research team members will call and complete it with the parents over the phone.

The pre-procedure script is based on a script that three large prospective randomized trials found to be effective in adults in reducing anxiety, pain, and complications of invasive image-guided procedures. It has been modified for use in paediatrics. The standardized script containing relaxing and hypnoidal language with suggestions for coping strategies will be read by CDIU RNs trained in Comfort Talk in the pre-catheterization work-up area. The pre-extubation script contains suggestions for healing, recovery, functioning of bodily systems, and acknowledgement of the patient's contribution.

Inclusion criteria

• Scheduled for cardiac catheterization
• Procedure performed under general anesthetic
• Ability to speak and understand English
• No apparent cognitive impairments

Exclusion criteria

• Active dissociative psychiatric disease