Combined Effects of Nutritional and Exercise Countermeasures

Inclusion criteria

• 18-50 years of age
• Availability of transport and ability to report to Research Center at appointed times

Exclusion criteria

• Subjects with limiting or unstable angina or a cardiology confirmed ECG which demonstrates cardiac abnormalities such as > 0.2 mV horizontal or downsloping ST segment depression, frequent arrhythmia's (>10 PVC/min), or valvular disease.
• Subjects with vascular disease as determined by a combination of risk factors of peripheral atherosclerosis, namely hypertension, obesity, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia and/or evidence of venous or arterial insufficiency upon palpitation of femoral, popliteal, and pedal arteries.
• Any history of hypo- or hyper-coagulation disorders including subjects taking Coumadin or with a history of DVT or PE at any point in their lifetime.
• Any subject that has a chronically elevated systolic pressure >170 or a diastolic blood pressure > 100 will be excluded. Subjects may be included if they are taking blood pressure medication and have a blood pressure below these criteria.
• Any subject with an uncontrolled metabolic disease including liver or renal disease.
• Fasting blood glucose of >126 mg/dl on two separate occasions
• Presence of acute illness or metabolically unstable chronic illness.
• Any subject currently on weight-loss diet.
• Inability to abstain from smoking for duration of study.
• Recent ingestion of anabolic steroids (within 6 months).
• Subjects with atrial fibrillation, history of syncope, angina or congestive heart failure.
• Subjects with a recently (6 months) treated cancer other than Basal Cell Carcinoma.
• Pregnancy/lactation.
• Any other condition or event considered exclusionary by the PI and covering faculty