Combined Effect of Kendall Exercises With Wearable Vibrotactile Feedback Sensor in Forward Head Posture

Forward Head Posture (FHP) is one of the most prevalent postural deviations among young adults, largely influenced by prolonged screen use, sedentary behaviors, and faulty sitting postures. This malalignment, characterized by anterior displacement of the head relative to the shoulder line, places excessive strain on the cervical spine and is strongly associated with neck pain, reduced craniovertebral angle (CVA), and muscular imbalances. If not corrected, FHP may contribute to long-term musculoskeletal dysfunction and impaired quality of life.

Conventional corrective approaches, such as the Kendall Exercise protocol, are widely recognized for addressing FHP by stretching shortened muscles (cervical extensors, pectorals) and strengthening weakened stabilizers (deep cervical flexors, scapular retractors). However, exercise-based interventions alone often face challenges of adherence and lack of postural awareness during daily activities.

Wearable vibrotactile feedback sensors have emerged as an innovative adjunct to exercise therapy. These devices provide real-time postural biofeedback, alerting users immediately when deviations occur and actively engaging them in maintaining correct alignment. By combining the Kendall Exercise protocol with wearable biofeedback technology, a more comprehensive approach may be achieved, addressing both neuromuscular strengthening and behavioral postural awareness.

Despite the increasing prevalence of FHP in young adults, limited evidence exists on the combined effect of structured exercise and wearable sensors. No randomized controlled trial has yet evaluated this integrated approach in this population. To address this gap, the present study will assess the combined effect of Kendall exercises and a wearable vibrotactile feedback sensor on forward head posture, neck pain, craniovertebral angle, and cervical muscle thickness in young adults.

Inclusion criteria

• Young Adult with age Between 18 to 30 years
• Both gender
• craniovertebral angle (CVA) < 50 degrees
• BMI 18.5-30 kg/m2
• dentists having clinical experience more than 6 months

Exclusion criteria

• History of recent neck or spinal surgery (within the past 6 12 months).
• Diagnosed musculoskeletal, neurological, or vestibular disorders affecting posture, balance, or neck movement (e.g., cervical radiculopathy, scoliosis, Parkinson's, etc.).
• Diagnosed Temporomandibular dysfunction
• Use of assistive devices (e.g., neck brace, posture correctors) in the past 3 months.
• Any cognitive or psychological condition that may affect compliance with instructions or accurate reporting of symptoms.
• Ongoing participation in a structured exercise or physiotherapy program targeting posture or neck muscles.