Combination Momordica Charantia Extract and Primaquine Againts Plasmodium Falciparum Uncomplicated and Plasmodium Vivax Uncomplicated Treatment in Manokwari, West Papua

Every group therapy session was under team member supervision, required to complete follow-up visits on days 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42. All of the studies 1 and 2 was split into more than two treatment groups, MC+PQ and DHP+PQ. The study was broken up into several 2 studies. Plasmodium falciparum patients without complications (n = 50 in each study) were the subjects of study 1, and Plasmodium vivax patients without complications (n = 50) were the subjects of studies 2 and 3.

The combination of 500 mg of bitter melon fruit extract (Momordica charantia) and 325 mg of bitter melon fruit content (13.50 mg/kg body weight) was initially approved by the MC+PQ group and administered for 3 days. 15 mg Primaquine dose single (0.25 mg/kg body weight) was administered for patients with Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria. Patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria was treated for the first 14 days, while those with Plasmodium vivax malaria were treated for 14 days.

The 2nd DHP+PQ group received three days of DHP (fixed dose combination tablets of 40 mg dihydroartemisinin and 320 mg piperaquine; DHP-FRIMAL, Mersi pharmaceutical, Tbk) in addition to 15 mg primaquine that had previously been given for one day to patients with Plasmodium falciparum who had no complications and for 14 days to those with Plasmodium vivax. DHP renewal is determined by body weight (age 15 years, >40-60 kg: 3 tablets; >60-80 kg: 4 tablets; 80 kg: 5 tablets)

Inclusion criteria

• incomplete therapy patients
• Age ≥15 years old male or female up to 60 years old.
• diagnosis and an outcome inspection microscopically suffering from Plasmodium falciparum malaria or Plasmodium vivax with density parasites 1000-100,000/µL
• History of fever within the past 24-48 hours with axillary temperature ≥ 37.5°C
• There were no signs of severe malaria
• had no chronic disease
• willing to follow up for 42 days; No consuming other antimalarial drugs within 2 weeks; willingly to participate in investigations and follow established procedures (informed consent)

Exclusion criteria

• pregnant female, breastfeeding female, children and infants
• suffering a mental disturbance, heavy illness like kidney, liver, tuberculosis, cancer, AIDS and other heavy diseases
• one set of symptom or signs of severe malaria
• had a history of hypersensitivity, allergies, and antimalarial contraindications
• not willingly to follow the inquiry