Combination Adjunctive Therapy to Address Multiple Metabolic Imbalances in Type 1 Diabetes

This is a single site, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial to quantify the effects of combination adjunctive therapy on glycemic control, ketogenesis during insulinopenia, insulin resistance, and diabetes burden and quality of life.

Up to 22 adult participants with type 1 diabetes (T1D) will be enrolled with at least 16 participants completing the study in full. After screening, baseline data (A1c, CGM, ambulatory insulin dosing, ambulatory ketones [fasting and after infusion set change], and psychosocial questionnaires) will be collected and participants will complete an insulin withdrawal test (IWT) and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (HEC) with indirect calorimetry (IDC). Participants will then receive 12-week insulin-adjunctive treatments with both: (1) SGLTi (sotagliflozin 200 mg daily) + Placebo and (2) SGLTi + GRA (volagidemab 35 mg weekly), in a random-order, cross-over design with a 14-week washout period between treatment periods. Throughout the treatment periods subjects will be seen weekly in clinic for medication dosing (GRA or placebo) and download/review of CGM, insulin, and ketone data. At the end of each treatment period, the baseline studies will be repeated. Subjects will return for a safety follow up visit 6 weeks after the final GRA or placebo dose.

Inclusion criteria

• Men and women between the ages of 18 and 70 years old, inclusive, at the time of screening;
• Females of non-childbearing potential must be ≥ 1 year post-menopausal or documented as being surgically sterile. Females of childbearing potential must agree to use two methods of contraception during the entire study and for an additional 3 months after the end of dosing with the investigational product;
• Male subjects must be willing to use clinically acceptable method of contraception during the entire study and for an additional 6 months after the end of the treatment period;
• Diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes based on clinical history or as defined by the current American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria;
• Treatment with a stable insulin regimen for at least 8 weeks before screening with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) via an insulin pump or hybrid closed loop system;
• Currently using a Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) system;
• A1c > 7% and ≤ 10%
• eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73m²;
• Able to provide written informed consent approved by an Institutional Review Board (IRB).

Exclusion criteria

• History or evidence of clinically significant disorder or condition that, in the opinion of the Investigator, would pose a risk to subject safety or interfere with the study evaluation, procedures, or completion;
• History of pancreatitis, medullary thyroid carcinoma or liver disease;
• Clinically significant diagnosis of anemia (Hemoglobin < 9 g/dl at screening);
• Body Mass Index (BMI) < 18.5 kg/m2 and/or weight <50kg;
• Body Mass Index (BMI) > 35 kg/m2
• Whole blood donation of 1 pint (500 mL) within 8 weeks prior to Screening. Donations of plasma, packed RBCs, platelets or quantities less than 500 mL are allowed at investigator discretion;
• Current or recent (within 1 month of screening) use of diabetes medications other than insulin; (examples include GLP-1 RA, SGLT-2i, Pramlintide, Metformin);
• Women who are pregnant or lactating/breastfeeding;
• Unable or unwilling to follow the study protocol or who are non-compliant with screening appointments or study visits;
• Any other condition(s) that might reduce the chance of obtaining study data, or that might cause safety concerns, or that might compromise the ability to give truly informed consent.