Cognitive Rehabilitation Following Breast Cancer Treatment

Breast cancer survivors often self-report cognitive deficits, primarily in executive functioning (planning, problem solving, multitasking), memory, and processing speed after cancer treatment, i.e., cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI). The prevalence of CRCI following breast cancer is as high as 78% and can persist chronically after treatment has ended. In other health conditions associated with cognitive impairment, such as traumatic brain injury, the only evidence-based recommended practice standard for deficits in executive function is metacognitive strategy training (MCST). In this approach, participants are taught a general cognitive strategy that can be applied in known and novel contexts to devise task specific strategies to successfully engage in an activity. While the cognitive deficits identified in and described by breast cancer survivors seem quite amenable to MCST, there is no study in the published literature which measures the efficacy of MCST on CRCI. The Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) approach is a MCST intervention in which subjects are taught a general cognitive strategy that can be applied in known and novel contexts to devise task specific strategies to engage in an activity. Preliminary data suggest that CO-OP may have a positive impact on subjective and objective cognitive performance in breast cancer survivors with CRCI. Further, this study will evaluate the neurophysiological underpinnings associated with treatment changes through the use of neuroimaging methods.

Inclusion criteria

• self-reported CRCI (Global Rating of Cognition dysfunction as "Moderately" "Strongly "or "Extremely" AND a Cognitive Failures Questionnaire1 (CFQ) score >30)
• completed treatment for active cancer diagnosis (invasive ductal or lobular BrCA Stages I, II, or III) at least 6 months but not greater than 3 years prior to participation
• able to read, write, and speak English fluently
• able to provide valid informed consent
• have a life expectancy of greater than 6 months at time of enrollment
• on stable doses (i.e., no changes in past 90 days) of medications that are known to impact cognitive function (i.e., anti-depressants)

Exclusion criteria

• prior cancer diagnoses of other sites with evidence of active disease within the past year
• active diagnoses of any acute or chronic brain-related neurological conditions that can alter normal brain anatomy or function (e.g., Parkinson's disease, dementia, cerebral infarcts) dementia symptoms as indicated by a score of <23 on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)
• severe depressive symptoms (Personal Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score of ≥21)
• history of severe traumatic brain injury, prolonged loss of consciousness (e.g., coma)
• conditions contraindicated for MRI (e.g., electrical implants, pumps, claustrophobia)
• blue-yellow colorblindness
• pregnancy

The screening methods identified in parentheses next to appropriate inclusion/exclusion criteria will be used to verify appropriate selection of study participants.