Cognitive Enhancement as a Target for Cocaine Pharmacotherapy

Presented are the average number of urine samples positive for cocaine over 12 weeks. This outcome was corrected from the protocol registration when the study data were entered.

Pulse

Blood Pressure is taken for safety reasons

Blood Pressure is taken for safety reasons

RVIP is a computerized measure of attention. This is given at baseline and every 4 weeks over the course of the 12-week study. RVP A' (aka RVIP A PRIME): is a signal detection measure of target sensitivity (i.e., successful response to targets and withholding of responses to non-targets). Range of 0 to 1. Higher scores are better.

RVIP is a computerized measure of attention. This is given at baseline and every 4 weeks over the course of the 12-week study. RVP B": A measure of response bias (i.e., bias towards under-responding (to targets) versus over-responding (i.e., to non-targets)) range from -1 to +1, respectively.

RVIP is a computerized measure of attention. This is given at baseline and every 4 weeks over the course of the 12-week study. RVP FALSE ALARM is probability of false alarm. False alarms are responses to non-targets. Higher numbers are worse (i.e., could be seen as a measure of poor response inhibition). Scores range from 0-1 where 1 is the least desirable probablity.

This is the CANTAB SST measure which evaluates response inhibition. Stop Signal Reaction Time (SSRT): The estimate of the length of time between the go stimulus and the stop stimulus at which the subject is able to successfully inhibit their response on 50% of the trials. Range of scores from 0 to 1500 (unit=milliseconds) and lower scores are 'better'.

This is the CANTAB SST measure which evaluates response inhibition. Stop Signal Reaction Time (SSRT): The estimate of the length of time between the go stimulus and the stop stimulus at which the subject is able to successfully inhibit their response on 50% of the trials. Range of scores from 0 to 1500 (unit=milliseconds) and lower scores are 'better'. Median correct is the median of response times across 'go' trials where the subject has responded on the correct button (right or left).

This is the CANTAB SST measure which evaluates response inhibition. Stop Signal Reaction Time (SSRT): The estimate of the length of time between the go stimulus and the stop stimulus at which the subject is able to successfully inhibit their response on 50% of the trials. Range of scores from 0 to 1500 (unit=milliseconds) and lower scores are 'better'. SD Correct is the standard deviation of response times across 'go' trials where the subject has responded on the correct button (right or left).

Drug Stroop Task is a computerized task which presents words either cocaine-related ('drug') words or non-drug-related ('neutral') words written in colored font. The subject is asked to press a button to indicate the color of the font as quickly and accurately as possible. The task is thought to measure attentional bias to drug-related stimuli. RT Correct Neutral is the mean response time to neutral trials where the subject pressed the correct color response.

Drug Stroop Task is a computerized task which presents words either cocaine-related ('drug') words or non-drug-related ('neutral') words written in colored font. The subject is asked to press a button to indicate the color of the font as quickly and accurately as possible. The task is thought to measure attentional bias to drug-related stimuli. RT Correct Drug is the mean response time to drug trials where the subject pressed the correct color response.

Drug Stroop Task is a computerized task which presents words either cocaine-related ('drug') words or non-drug-related ('neutral') words written in colored font. The subject is asked to press a button to indicate the color of the font as quickly and accurately as possible. The task is thought to measure attentional bias to drug-related stimuli. Stroop Effect is difference in response time to drug versus neutral trials (i.e., RT Correct Drug - RT Correct Neutral). A larger stroop effect is 'worse' (thought to indicate more attentional bias to drug related stimuli).

Digit Span Task description: Orally administered (not computerized) task where subjects are read-aloud lists of digits and asked to repeat them in the same order they heard them (Forward condition). Subjects are given a pair of lists for each digit length - and given a point for each list they get entirely correct. If they get at least one out of the two correct for that length, then the researcher gives them another one of a longer length (one digit longer). If they get both wrong at a given length- that task is ended. The task is then repeated with different digit lists to recall, but they are asked to repeat them or in the reverse order that they heard them (Backward condition). Longest Digit Span Forward (LDSF) is the longest digit span a participant gets correct, in the forward condition. Higher scores are better (Scale of 0 to 9).

Digit Span Task description: Orally administered (not computerized) task where subjects are read-aloud lists of digits and asked to repeat them in the same order they heard them (Forward condition). Subjects are given a pair of lists for each digit length - and given a point for each list they get entirely correct. If they get at least one out of the two correct for that length, then the researcher gives them another one of a longer length (one digit longer). If they get both wrong at a given length- that task is ended. The task is then repeated with different digit lists to recall, but they are asked to repeat them or in the reverse order that they heard them (Backward condition). Digit Span Forward (DSF) is the number of digit span trials participants got correct in the forward condition. Higher scores are better (Scale of 0 to 14).

Digit Span Task description: Orally administered (not computerized) task where subjects are read-aloud lists of digits and asked to repeat them in the same order they heard them (Forward condition). Subjects are given a pair of lists for each digit length - and given a point for each list they get entirely correct. If they get at least one out of the two correct for that length, then the researcher gives them another one of a longer length (one digit longer). If they get both wrong at a given length- that task is ended. The task is then repeated with different digit lists to recall, but they are asked to repeat them or in the reverse order that they heard them (Backward condition). Longest Digit Span Backward (LDSB) is the longest digit span participants got correct, in the backward condition. Higher scores are better (Scale of 0 to 8).

Digit Span Task description: Orally administered (not computerized) task where subjects are read-aloud lists of digits and asked to repeat them in the same order they heard them (Forward condition). Subjects are given a pair of lists for each digit length - and given a point for each list they get entirely correct. If they get at least one out of the two correct for that length, then the researcher gives them another one of a longer length (one digit longer). If they get both wrong at a given length- that task is ended. The task is then repeated with different digit lists to recall, but they are asked to repeat them or in the reverse order that they heard them (Backward condition). Digit Span Forward (DSB) is the number of digit span trials participants got correct in the backward condition. Higher scores are better (Scale of 0 to 14).