Cognition, Sleep, Neurophysiology of Suicidal Depressed Patients

Suicide defined as when a person killing himself directly or indirectly act, with knowing that will produce this result carried out by the victim himself .Suicide is 14th leading cause of death worldwide, responsible for 1.5% of all mortality .suicide is the cause of death most directly affected by psychological factors. There is other stressors such as financial troubles, poverty, unemployment, homelessness and war may cause suicide. About (15-40%) of people leave a suicide note. Genetics appear to account for between 38% and 55% of suicidal behaviors . Suicide rates differ significantly between countries and over time. Percentage of death in 2013 in Africa was 1% Canada 11.1% china 12.7% India 23.2% and united states 14%. suicide is ranked as 10th leading cause of death in the united states. In china suicide is 5th leading cause of death.

Of all the psychiatric disorders. major depressive disorder in associated with the highest life time risk of suicide attempt and completion. Indeed. the life time risk of completing suicide in patient with (MDD) range from (35- 40 %, )in the world. Also in patient of mood disorder (MD) range about (8-15 %) of patient attempt suicide In an suicide attempt must be understand how and why some people's thought process lead them to decide to end their lives, there is several different cognitive impairment factors that seem to increase the risk of suicidal behavior such as cognitive rigidity, thought suppression. Agitation. Future thinking and goal adjustment .

Finding from studies in which behavioral test of cognitive rigidity are administrated to suicide attempter and clinical controls have support this notion.

studies illustrate the importance of control the sleep disorders as there is relationship between sleep disorders and suicidal behavior and subsequent suicidal thoughts and either self-harm behaviors or suicide attempt after controlling depressive symptoms Some studies have shown neurophysiologic aspects of suicidal behavior. An attempt has been made to reveal a correlation of results obtained in calculating the entropy and information Saturation of EEG with signs of dysontogenesis in patients with depression with- or without suicidal signs

Inclusion criteria

I) patients

a. Inclusion criteria:

• Suicidal attempters, suicidal ideators, non-suicidal depressed were all diagnosed with major depression, or Bipolar disorder (BD) (depressive phase) by statistical manual of mental disorders. Patients meeting DSM-5 criteria. (APA-2013)
• all participant provided written informed consent
• age group above 18 years old II) control a. Inclusion criteria:

• Match with the subjects in age group "above 18 years old" 2.no history of suicide attempt or ideation 3. no history of psychiatric disorder

Exclusion criteria

• other psychiatric disorders
• electroconvulsive therapy in the Previous six months
• Neurologic disorders including stroke, epilepsy, brain injury and sensory disorders that precluded participating in cognitive assessment.