Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Effectiveness and Safety of Tocilizumab for Treating Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia

Cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) is caused by the excessive release of cytokines during an exaggerated immune response. CSS can be triggered by infections or therapeutic interventions, being more severe depending on the degree and duration of immune activation. CSS is as a significant on-target side-effect of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies, which have been subject to assessment for the treatment of haematological malignancies. Tocilizumab (intravenous, IV) is indicated for the treatment of chimeric antigen receptor CAR T cell-induced severe or life-threatening CSS.

Based on the experience with tocilizumab in the CSS, and that some patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 can develop CSS, leading to potentially fatal damage to lung tissue, the drug is being investigated in China and Italy, and clinical trials are being conducted/planned in these and several other countries. Real-word experience with tocilizumab IV have shown that in a substantial proportion of COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia, fever returned to normal and respiratory function based on oxygen intake and lung opacities improved remarkably. Laboratory parameters such as C-reactive protein (CRP) that seem to be increased in patients infected decreased significantly with tocilizumab, and lymphocytes levels also returned to normal.

All these findings have led the Spanish Agency for Medicine and Health Products (AEMPS) to initiate the controlled distribution of tocilizumab IV, in light of the increased interest on the anti-cytokine therapy targeting IL-6 in COVID-19 infected patients. Therefore, tocilizumab might be among the therapeutic armamentarium for preventing the fatal consequences of acute respiratory and multi organ failure in around 20% of the COVID-19 infected patients.

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of IV tocilizumab in patients with COVID-19 severe pneumonia who are currently hospitalized or admitted to ICU. This large real-world cohort provides a unique opportunity to study a potential medicine during the current emergency situation, and support the findings from the Roche-sponsored Phase III study that is planned to start in early April.

Inclusion criteria

• Provide oral informed consent to participate in this study.
• At least 18 years of age.
• Diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia by RT-PCR.
• Have received the first dose of tocilizumab a maximum of two days before the inclusion or is candidate for tocilizumab treatment
• Hospitalized or admitted to ICU

Exclusion criteria

• The patient has any other medical condition or is receiving concomitant medication that could, in the opinion of the investigator, compromise the patient's safety or collected data
• Known severe allergic reactions to tocilizumab or other monoclonal antibodies
• Active acute and severe infections, including tuberculosis infection
• Pregnant or breastfeeding, or positive pregnancy test in a pre-dose examination