Clinical Trial Assessing the Efficacy of Abscopal Effect Induced by SBRT and Immunotherapy in Advanced NSCLC

Inclusion criteria

• Must have signed written informed consent and able to comply with study procedures.
• Histologically and/or cytologically confirmed advanced metastatic (stage IV) non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer.
• Previous received first-line platinum-based chemotherapy or immunotherapy (except toripalimab) and followed by progression of disease evaluated by RECIST 1.1.
• Age ≥ 18 years.
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status score 0-1.
• Life expectancy ≥ 12 weeks.
• Have at least 3 measurable lesions based on RECIST 1.1, at least 2 of them can be treated by SBRT.
• Adequate hematologic function as defined by the following laboratory values:

• Absolute neutrophil count ≥1.5x109/L
• Platelets ≥80 x 109/L
• Hemoglobin ≥9 g/dL
• Adequate Hepatic function: Total bilirubin ≤1.5×ULN Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≤2.5×ULN OR ≤5×ULN for patients with liver metastases.
• Adequate renal function: Creatinine ≤1.5×ULN or calculated creatinine clearance (CrCl) ≥50 mL/min and dipstick proteinuria <2+. A 24-hour urine protein test is needed if a dipstick proteinuria result of ≥2+ is detected, the proteinuria level ≤ 1g/24h.
• International normalized ratio≤1.5 × ULN, prothrombin time (PT) or partial thromboplastin time (PTT or a PTT) ≤1.5 × ULN(within 7 days of assessment).
• Female who are not postmenopausal (≥ 12 months of non-therapy-induced amenorrhea) or surgically sterile must be willing to use an adequate method of contraception.
• Male subjects of childbearing potential must agree to use an adequate method of contraception (failure rate < 1% per year) - Contraception, starting with the first dose of study therapy through 6 months after the last dose of study therapy.

Exclusion criteria

• Evidence of tumour invading major blood vessels on imaging. The investigator or the local radiologist must exclude evidence of tumour that is fully contiguous with, surrounding, or extending into the lumen of a major blood vessel (e.g., pulmonary artery or superior vena cava).
• Core biopsy or other minor surgical procedure, excluding placement of a vascular access device are excluded within 7 days prior to initiation of study treatment. Placement of a vascular access device should be at least 2 days prior to initiation of study treatment.
• Current or recent (within 10 days of first dose of bevacizumab) use of aspirin (325 mg/day) or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents known to inhibit platelet function.
• Current or recent (within 10 days of first dose of bevacizumab) use of full-dose oral or parenteral anticoagulants or thrombolytic agent for therapeutic purposes. Prophylactic use of anticoagulants is allowed.
• History or evidence of inherited bleeding diathesis or coagulopathy that increases the risk of bleeding.
• Uncontrolled hypertension (blood pressures: systolic>150 mmHg and/or diastolic >100 mmHg).

Prior history of hypertensive crisis or hypertensive encephalopathy.

• Clinically significant (i.e., active) cardiovascular disease, including but not limited to cerebral vascular accident (CVA) or (transient ischemic attack) TIA (≤6 months before randomization), myocardial infarction (≤6 months before randomization), unstable angina, congestive heart failure New York Heart Association Class≥II, or serious cardiac arrhythmia requiring medication during the study and that might interfere with regularity of the study treatment or not controlled by medication.
• Significant vascular disease (including but not limited to aortic aneurysm requiring surgical repair or recent arterial thrombosis) within 6 months prior to randomization.
• The lesion has received prior radiotherapy and is not suitable for SBRT.
• Has stable brain metastases is allowed, but the brain metastases will not receive SBRT or whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT)
• Malignancies other than NSCLC within 2 years except for basal or squamous cell skin cancer, carcinoma in situ of the cervix and cured early stage prostate cancer.
• Corticosteroid therapy at a dose equivalent to 10 mg prednisone per day or any other systemic immunosuppressive therapy within 14 days prior to randomization. Topical or inhaled steroids are permitted. Taking immunosuppressive drugs accidentally during the trial will be allowed, but it is strongly recommended to reduce the dose as soon as possible.
• A positive HIV test result, presence of active HIV, hepatitis B or hepatitis C（evaluate at local laboratories）
• Non-healing wound, active peptic ulcer, or bone fracture.
• History of abdominal fistula, gastrointestinal perforation, or intra-abdominal abscess within 6 months of enrollment.
• Pregnant or lactating, or intending to become pregnant during the study.
• Treatment with any other investigational agent or participation in another clinical trial within 28 days prior to randomization.
• Evidence of ongoing or active infection requiring IV antibiotics; any other disease, neurological, or metabolic dysfunction; physical examination finding or laboratory finding giving reasonable suspicion of a disease or condition that contraindicates the use of an investigational drug or puts the patient at high risk for treatment-related complications.
• Patients diagnosed with a tracheo-oesophageal fistula.