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NCT Number: NCT07426445

CLINICAL PERFORMANCE OF PEDIATRIC CROWNS IN PRIMARY MOLAR

The aim of this study is to compare the clinical success of three different types of prefabricated crowns commonly used in primary molar teeth: nanohybrid composite crowns, zirconia crowns, and stainless steel crowns. Primary molar teeth play a critical role in supporting growth and development by facilitating mastication and nutrition and by maintaining space for the eruption of permanent successor teeth. Current guidelines in pediatric dentistry recommend stainless steel crowns for the restoration of primary molars with extensive carious lesions. However, increasing esthetic demands have led to the development and growing use of alternative crown systems, such as zirconia and nanohybrid composite crowns.

This study will be conducted on 50 children aged 4 to 9 years who present to the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at Izmir Katip Celebi University Faculty of Dentistry, have no systemic diseases, and have no known allergies to local anesthetic agents. Children presenting with carious lesions affecting both mandibular second primary molars will be included. Clinically, teeth with International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS II) scores of 4, 5, and 6 will be eligible. Radiographically, lesions classified as D1-RA3, D2-RB4, and D3-RC5 will be included.

The study will be designed as a randomized, controlled, parallel-group clinical trial. Participants will be randomly allocated into two groups: in one group, prefabricated zirconia crowns and stainless steel crowns will be placed, while in the other group, nanohybrid composite crowns and stainless steel crowns will be applied.

The primary outcome of the study is to evaluate and compare the clinical success of the three crown types at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months following treatment based on functional, esthetic, and biological criteria. Functional outcomes will include crown retention and material loss, marginal adaptation, antagonist tooth wear, and occlusal height of the crown. Esthetic outcomes will be assessed in terms of surface roughness, color match, and anatomical form. Biological outcomes will include periodontal health. As a secondary outcome, parental satisfaction will be evaluated to assess perceptions of treatment success and factors influencing crown preference.

The results of this study are expected to provide valuable clinical evidence to guide the selection of the most appropriate prefabricated crown type for primary molars in pediatric dentistry.

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Key information

Conditions

Dental Caries in Primary Teeth Full-Coverage Restorations in Pediatric Dentistry

Age range

4 year–9 year

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Department of Pediatric Dentistry

Izmir, İzmir, 35550, Turkey (Türkiye)

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Children aged 4 to 9 years with no systemic diseases (ASA I).
  • Cooperative behavior assessed as Frankl Score 3 (Positive) or 4 (Definitely Positive).
  • Written informed consent obtained from the parent/legal guardian and assent from the child.
  • Willingness to attend all scheduled follow-up visits.
  • Presence of bilateral mandibular second primary molars (teeth 75 and 85) with multisurface carious lesions.
  • Presence of an opposing antagonist tooth in occlusion.
  • Carious lesions classified as ICDAS II Score 4, 5, or 6.
  • Radiographic caries depth extending to D1-RA3, D2-RB4, or D3-RC5.
  • Root resorption not exceeding one-third of the root length.
  • No radiographic evidence of periapical or furcation radiolucency.
  • Normal periodontal ligament space and intact lamina dura.
  • No evidence of internal or external root resorption.

Exclusion criteria

  • Children classified as ASA II or higher or having systemic diseases.
  • Frankl Behavior Rating Scale Score 1 or 2.
  • Unwillingness to attend follow-up visits or provide informed consent.
  • Presence of temporomandibular joint disorders.
  • Presence of parafunctional habits such as bruxism.
  • Absence of one or both mandibular second primary molars.
  • Absence of an opposing antagonist tooth.
  • Carious lesions classified as ICDAS II Score 1, 2, or 3.
  • Radiographic findings limited to enamel caries or no evidence of caries (E0-R0, E1-RA1, E2-RA2).

Treatment and study plan

Prefabricated Zirconia Crown

Device

Prefabricated zirconia crowns are used for full coronal restoration of mandibular second primary molars.

Prefabricated Nanohybrid Composite Crown

Device

Prefabricated nanohybrid composite crowns are used for full coronal restoration of mandibular second primary molars.

Primary outcomes

  1. Clinical Success of Prefabricated Crowns Based on FDI Criteria

    Time frame: 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after crown placement

    Clinical success of prefabricated crowns is evaluated according to the World Dental Federation clinical evaluation criteria (FDI). Functional properties include crown retention and material loss, marginal adaptation, antagonist tooth wear, and occlusal height of the crown. Esthetic properties include surface roughness, color match, and anatomical form. Biological properties include periodontal health. Overall clinical performance is assessed at each follow-up visit.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Izmir Katip Celebi University

Other

Registry information

Official study title

Comparative Evaluation Of The Clinical Success Of Prefabricated Nanohybrid Composite, Zirconia, And Stainless Steel Crowns In Primary Teeth: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Important dates

Study start
2025
Primary completion
2026
Study completion
2026
First posted
Feb 23, 2026
Registry last updated
Feb 23, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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