Clinical Performance of Endocrowns Fabricated From Two Hybrid Ceramic Materials on Endodontically Treated Molars: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Inclusion criteria

• Age ≥21 years
• Good general health (ASA I or II)
• Willing and able to provide informed consent
• Committed to follow-up appointments for 18 months
• Root canal treated molars requiring restoration
• Adequate remaining tooth structure:

• Minimum 2mm ferrule height
• Sufficient wall thickness (≥1.5mm)
• At least 2 remaining walls
• Opposing natural dentition or fixed prosthesis
• Adequate periodontal health:

• Probing depth ≤4mm
• No bleeding on probing
• Good oral hygiene with plaque score ≤20%
• Sufficient mouth opening for clinical procedures
• Normal occlusion and acceptable interocclusal space

Exclusion criteria

• Pregnant or lactating women
• Severe bruxism or parafunctional habits
• Active periodontal disease
• Active caries or inadequate oral hygiene
• Less than 2mm ferrule height after preparation
• Apical pathology or inadequate root canal treatment
• Tooth mobility grade II or III
• Known allergy to materials used
• Uncontrolled diabetes (HbA1c >7.0%)
• Radiation therapy in head and neck region
• Temporomandibular joint disorders
• History of poor compliance with dental appointments
• Heavy smokers (>10 cigarettes/day)
• Chronic use of medications affecting salivary flow
• Unable to understand study requirements
• Evidence of pulpal or periapical pathology