Clinical Effects of Keratinized Mucosa Augmentation Around Dental Implant With Free Gingival Graft in Different Surgical Timing at Mandibular Posterior Sites

To compare the clinical outcomes and the differences in hard and soft tissue stability at implant sites with insufficient buccal keratinized gingiva in the mandibular posterior region, where free gingival grafts are applied either before implant surgery or concurrently during the second stage of implant surgery.

Inclusion criteria

• Age ≥ 18 years, gender unrestricted;
• partially edentulous in the mandible posterior area, planned for implant-supported fixed restoration;
• Buccal keratinized mucosa width at the implant site is less than 2mm, with the transplantation area not exceeding 2 teeth;
• No soft tissue augmentation performed at the site prior to surgery;
• Overall health is good, with no systemic diseases that may affect bone metabolism or wound healing;
• Good periodontal condition, no progressive alveolar bone resorption, no periodontal abscess;
• Smoking ≤ 10 cigarettes per day.

Exclusion criteria

• Uncontrolled metabolic diseases;
• Severe periodontal disease, with unstable periodontal condition;
• Smoking > 10 cigarettes per day;
• Unwilling to participate in the follow-up of this study;
• Other conditions that do not meet the requirements for implant treatment.