Clinical and Radiological Evaluation of Dental Autotransplantation in the Anterior Region in Young Patients

Premolar autotransplantation is a biologically favorable treatment option for young patients who have lost an anterior maxillary tooth due to trauma, resorption, or restorative failure. This study evaluates outcomes of autotransplantation combining a retrospective cohort (patients treated from 2019 to 2025) and a prospective cohort (patients recruited until 2028). All procedures follow a standardized clinical protocol including digital planning with CBCT and STL models, 3D-printed donor tooth replicas, guided socket preparation when needed, atraumatic donor extraction, extraoral time under 5 minutes, and semirigid splinting.

Clinical and radiographic follow-ups occur at 1 week, 15 days, 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, and annually up to 5 years. Evaluations include mobility, sensitivity, percussion sound, periodontal measurements, gingival recession, root development (Moorrees stages), pulpal healing, and radiographic signs of complications such as resorption or ankylosis. Digital analysis of soft and hard tissues and esthetic outcomes is performed with STL models and CBCT when indicated.

The study also assesses the influence of orthodontic variables (previous treatment, appliance type, timing of movement after transplantation) and restorative parameters (reconstruction chronology). Patient-reported outcomes include satisfaction, esthetics, function, and oral health-related quality of life using validated questionnaires.

Data from both cohorts are anonymized and analyzed descriptively and comparatively, with multivariable modeling to identify prognostic factors.

Although enrollment is defined at the participant level, outcome measures are assessed at the level of the autotransplanted tooth. Participants may contribute more than one autotransplanted tooth to the analysis.

The study will provide long-term evidence regarding success, survival, complications, and perceived outcomes of premolar autotransplantation in growing patients.

Inclusion criteria

• Patients aged 7 to 15 years.
• ASA I classification.
• Loss or indication for extraction of a maxillary anterior tooth (teeth 12, 11, 21, or 22) due to trauma, resorption, or restorative reasons.
• Availability of a donor first or second premolar with root development between one-half and complete root length.
• Ability to complete at least 2 years of follow-up.
• Parent/guardian consent and minor assent obtained for prospective cases.

Exclusion criteria

• Patients older than 15 years.
• Severe systemic disease.
• Inability or unwillingness to attend scheduled follow-up visits.
• Lack of a suitable donor premolar.