Circuit Training and Motivational Interviewing to Reduce Type 2 Diabetes in Youth

Inclusion criteria

• At Risk of Overweight and Overweight (age- & sex-specific body mass index ≥ 85th percentile based on CDC BMI growth charts [US Department of Health and Human Services, 2000]. There will not be an upper BMI limit. In our experience, we have had numerous children above the 99th percentile for BMI complete the outcome measures, and this group could benefit greatly from participation.
• Gender & Age: Females from grades 9th to 12th (approximately 14-18 years of age). We chose to study adolescents because pubertal youth will likely possess the requisite hormonal milieu needed to elicit physiologically and metabolic changes in response to resistance and aerobic training. In addition physical activity declines are more pronounced in minority females. By limiting the study to just females, we will retain a more homogenous group. This will eliminate sensitive gender issues related to exercise such as body image concerns, goal setting, and motivations for behavioral changes. To reduce effects of the menstrual cycle, all females will be tested during the follicular phase, while those with irregular/unpredictable menses will be studied at random times.
• Latino origin all four grandparents must be of Hispanic heritage (reported on screening forms). This approach is consistent with all of our previous and ongoing work.

Exclusion criteria

• Presently taking medication(s) or diagnosed with any syndrome or disease that could influence physical activity, body composition and fat distribution, or insulin action.
• Previously diagnosed with any major illness since birth (e.g. chronic birth asphyxia, cancer, etc.).
• Children with type 1 and/or type 2 diabetes will be excluded and referred to a physician. Children with impaired glucose tolerance (fasting glucose >100 mg/dL during a fasting blood draw) and/or conditions associated with insulin resistance (e.g. acanthosis nigricans, hypertension, dyslipidemia) will be eligible, as long as they are not receiving treatment and meet other eligibility criteria.
• Children who have any physical, cognitive, or psychological disabilities that would prevent them from participating in an exercise program.
• Currently, or in the past 6 months, involved with any dietary, physical activity or weight loss program.
• Children who live farther than 20 miles away from the GCRC.