Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Maintenance Treatment Patterns in China

Participants who received prescription for COPD maintenance treatment were reported for following categories; Use the maintenance treatment, Long-Acting Muscarinic Antagonist (LAMA), Long-Acting Beta-Agonist (LABA), LABA/LAMA, inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)/LABA, Triple therapy (ICS/LABA/LAMA, Single Inhaler Triple Therapy [SITT]), Multiple Inhaler Triple Therapy (MITT), Theophylline, MITT or SITT, N-acetyl cysteine/carbocysteine. The measurement at Baseline visit (Day 1) was defined as Baseline. Participants may have received more than one COPD maintenance treatment. Hence, they may have counted in more than one category, so the total may not match to Number analyzed (N).

Participants who received prescription for COPD maintenance treatment were reported for following categories; Use the maintenance treatment, LAMA, LABA, LABA/LAMA, ICS/LABA, Triple therapy (ICS/LABA/LAMA, SITT), MITT, Theophylline, MITT or SITT, N-acetyl cysteine/carbocysteine. Participants may have received more than one COPD maintenance treatment. Hence, they may have counted in more than one category, so the total may not match to Number analyzed (N).

Participants with moderate acute exacerbation requiring no hospitalization, who received prescription for COPD maintenance treatment were reported for following categories; Use the maintenance treatment, LAMA, LABA, LABA/LAMA, ICS/LABA, Triple therapy (ICS/LABA/LAMA, SITT), MITT, Theophylline, MITT or SITT, N-acetyl cysteine/carbocysteine. Participants may have received more than one COPD maintenance treatment. Hence, they may have counted in more than one category, so the total may not match to Number analyzed (N).

Participants with acute exacerbation requiring hospitalization who received prescription for COPD maintenance treatment were reported for following categories; Use the maintenance treatment. LAMA, LABA, LABA/LAMA, ICS/LABA, Triple therapy (ICS/LABA/LAMA, SITT), MITT, Theophylline, MITT or SITT, N-acetyl cysteine/carbocysteine. Participants may have received more than one COPD maintenance treatment. Hence, they may have counted in more than one category, so the total may not match to Number analyzed (N).

FEV1 is a measure of lung function and is defined as the maximal amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled in one minute. FEV1 measurements were collected using a spirometer. The measurement at Baseline visit (Day 1) was defined as Baseline.

Number of participants with history of exacerbations were reported according to the usage of different patterns of maintenance therapy including LAMA, LABA, LABA/LAMA, ICS/LABA, Triple therapy (ICS/LABA/LAMA, SITT), MITT, Theophylline, MITT or SITT, N-acetyl cysteine/carbocysteine. The measurement at Baseline visit (Day 1) was defined as Baseline. Participants may have received more than one COPD maintenance treatment. Hence, they may have counted in more than one category, so the total may not match to Number analyzed (N).

Number of participants with COPD medication history were reported for following categories; Use the maintenance treatment, LAMA, LABA, LABA/LAMA, ICS/LABA, Triple therapy (ICS/LABA/LAMA, SITT), MITT, Theophylline, MITT or SITT, N-acetyl cysteine/carbocysteine. The measurement at Baseline visit (Day 1) was defined as Baseline. Participants may have received more than one COPD maintenance treatment. Hence, they may have counted in more than one category, so the total may not match to Number analyzed (N).

The CAT is an 8-item unidimensional measure of health status impairment in participants with COPD. Participants are scored on eight items (cough, phlegm, chest tightness, breathlessness, activity limitation, confidence, sleep and energy) on a scale of 0 (no impact) to 5 (worst possible impact) depending on their impact. The sum of scores for each item gives the participant's impact score ranging from 0 (no impact) to 40 (worst possible impact). Higher score indicates worst possible impact. CAT score by historic treatments including LAMA, LABA, LABA/LAMA, ICS/LABA, Triple therapy (ICS/LABA/LAMA, SITT), MITT, Theophylline, MITT or SITT, N-acetyl cysteine/carbocysteine were reported. Participants may have received more than one COPD maintenance treatment. Hence, they may have counted in more than one category, so the total may not match to Number analyzed (N). Mean and standard deviation (SD) values of CAT score assessments at 3 months are reported.

The mMRC questionnaire predicts future mortality risk with mMRC. Participants are required to rate their disability due to shortness of breath on the 5-point mMRC scale ranging from 0 (no impact) to 4 (worst possible impact). Higher score indicates worst possible impact. The mMRC score by historic treatments including LAMA, LABA, LABA/LAMA, ICS/LABA, Triple therapy (ICS/LABA/LAMA, SITT), MITT, Theophylline, MITT or SITT, N-acetyl cysteine/carbocysteine were reported. Participants may have received more than one COPD maintenance treatment. Hence, they may have counted in more than one category, so the total may not match to Number analyzed (N). Mean and SD values of mMRC score assessments at 3 months are reported.

DECAF is a 7-point scale with a minimum score of 0 (better outcome) and a maximum score of 6 (worse outcome). Higher score indicates worst outcome. It is used for assessment of severity of COPD exacerbation measures Dyspnea, Eosinopenia, consolidation, acidemia and atrial fibrillation. Number of participants requiring hospitalization by their each DECAF risk groups Mild (0-1 score), moderate (2 score), severe (3-6 score) were summarized. Participants who did not provide scores were categorized under "Missing". The measurement at Baseline visit (Day 1) was defined as Baseline.

Number of participants with at least one co-morbidity were reported. Co-morbidities included Vascular disorders, Cardiac disorders, Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders, Metabolism and nutrition disorders, Infections and infestations, Gastrointestinal disorders, Reproductive system and breast disorders, Hepatobiliary disorders, Nervous system disorders, Renal and urinary disorders, Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders, Injury, poisoning and procedural complications, Psychiatric disorders, Endocrine disorders, Blood and lymphatic system disorders, Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (including cysts and polyps), Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders, Eye disorders, Investigations, General disorders and administration site conditions, Ear and labyrinth disorders, Congenital, familial and genetic disorders, Immune system disorders and Surgical and medical procedures).

Questions were asked to participants to understand their following socio-economic factors associated with different patterns of COPD maintenance treatment;Education(No formal education, Elementary,Middle,High school-including vocational school, Bachelor's degree and above, Missing), Local permanent resident(No,Yes, Missing), Marriage condition(Married,Divorced/Separated,Widowed,Unmarried and Missing), With whom usually live(Live alone, With spouse, With one specific child, Take turns in different children's homes, Other relatives, Missing), National basic medical insurance (Insu.)(None,Government medical insu.,Urban employee medical insu., Urban resident medical insu., New cooperative medical insu., Urban and rural resident basic medical insu., Serious illness insu., Missing) and Commercial insu.(Yes,No,Missing). Participants may have provided more than one answers to questions. Hence, they may have counted in more than one category, so the total may not match to Number analyzed (N).

The CAT is an 8-item unidimensional measure of health status impairment in participants with COPD. Participants are scored on eight items (cough, phlegm, chest tightness, breathlessness, activity limitation, confidence, sleep and energy) on a scale of 0 (no impact) to 5 (worst possible impact) depending on their impact. The sum of scores for each item gives the participant's impact score ranging from 0 (no impact) to 40 (worst possible impact). Higher score indicates worst possible impact. Number of participants by their CAT scores were reported (<=10, 11 to 20, 21 to 30, 31 to 40). Participants who did not provide scores were categorized under "Missing". The measurement at Baseline visit (Day 1) was defined as Baseline.

The mMRC questionnaire predicts future mortality risk with mMRC. Participants are required to rate their disability due to shortness of breath on the 5-point mMRC scale ranging from 0 (no impact) to 4 (worst possible impact). Higher score indicates worst possible impact. Number of participants by their mMRC scores (Scores 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4) were summarized. Participants who did not provide scores were categorized under "Missing". The measurement at Baseline visit (Day 1) was defined as Baseline.

Number of participants whose prescribed maintenance therapy was stepped up (adding another maintenance therapy), stepped down (withdraw any of the maintenance medication but kept the maintenance therapy), stopped (stop all maintenance therapy), switched (between LAMA/LABA and ICS/LABA) or remained the same were reported. Participants whose treatment was not categorized in any of the above, were reported under Missing.

Number of participants receiving COPD maintenance treatment including LAMA, LABA/LAMA, ICS/LABA, Triple therapy (ICS/LABA/LAMA, SITT), MITT, Theophylline, MITT or SITT, N-acetyl cysteine/carbocysteine were reported. Participants may have received more than one COPD maintenance treatment. Hence, they may have counted in more than one category, so the total may not match to Number analyzed (N).