Chidamide in Combination With Antiretroviral Therapy for Eradication of the Latent HIV-1 Reservoir

Every participant will receive oral Chidamide on Day 0, 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 24. In Step 1, the dose of Chidamide will be 10 mg each time, for Step 2 30 mg each time. Participants will be enrolled into Step 1 first; if the dose given to Step 1 is well tolerated and no safety concerns are noted, Step 2 will be enrolled. All participants will keep their antiretroviral therapy during this study.

Each step of this study will last for 56 days, involving 14 study visits(Screening, Day 0, 2, 3, 8, 11, 14, 15, 17, 21, 24, 26, 27, 56) for every participant. At the screening visit, participants will give a medical history and will undergo a physical exam; blood samples will be collected. Participants will undergo pharmacokinetic (PK) sampling which will require that blood be drawn at 0, 1, 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72h after the first dose. For multi-dose PK studies, blood samples will be collected at the same time points after the last dose. Participants will undergo pharmacodynamic (PD) sampling which will require that blood be drawn at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72h after the first dose. For steady-state concentration PK and PD studies, blood samples will be collected 5-30 minutes before Chidamide administration on Day 14, 17, 21. If participants agree, their blood samples may be stored for future research.

Inclusion criteria

• Documented HIV-1 infection
• Currently receiving cART and having received cART for a minimum of 18 months, HIV-1 plasma RNA <50 copies/mL for at least 1 year (excluding viral load blips)
• CD4 cell count above 350 cells/μL
• Able, willing to give written informed consent and to adhere to therapy and to comply with time requirements for study visits and evaluations
• Adequate vascular access for leukapheresis

Exclusion criteria

• Acute HIV-1 infection
• Received blood transfusions or hematopoetic growth factors within 3 months
• Receipt of compounds with HDAC inhibitor-like activity, such as valproic acid within the last 1 month. Potential participants may enroll after a 30-day washout period.
• Any significant acute medical illness in the past 8 weeks
• Any evidence of an active AIDS-defining opportunistic infection
• Hepatitis B or C infection as indicated by the presence of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) or hepatitis C virus RNA (HCV-RNA) in blood
• Patient has the following laboratory values within 3 weeks before starting the investigational drug

• Hepatic transaminases (AST or ALT) ≥3 x upper limit of normal (ULN)
• Serum total bilirubin ≥1.5 ULN
• Serum creatinine levels ≥1.5 x ULN, or calculated creatinine clearance ≤60 ml/min
• Platelet count ≤100 x109/L
• Absolute neutrophil count ≤1.5x109/L
• Serum potassium, magnesium, phosphorus outside normal limits
• Total calcium (corrected for serum albumin) or ionized calcium ≤lower normal limits
• A personal history of clinically significant cardiac disease, symptomatic or asymptomatic arrhythmias, syncopal episodes, or additional risk factors for Torsades de pointes (e.g. heart failure)
• History of malignancy or transplantation, including skin cancers or Kaposi sarcoma
• History of diabetes mellitus
• Known hypersensitivity to the components of chidamide or its analogues
• Pregnancy or breast feeding, or expecting to father children within the projected duration of the study
• Known psychiatric or substance abuse disorders that would interfere with cooperation with the requirements of the trial