Changes in Cytokine Levels After Dextrose Injection in Stage IV Knee Osteoarthritis

Participants with stage IV knee osteoarthritis will be evaluated for eligibility and randomized 1 to 1 using an Internet randomization method to ensure random allocation.

At time zero all participants will receive aspiration of their knees from the suprapatellar pouch of 5.5 mL of synovial fluid for cytokine analysis. After that 10 of the participants will receive injection of 10 mL of 12.5% dextrose. The other 10 will receive no injection after aspiration. Pain levels will be measured at time zero, 15 minutes, two hours and 48 hours after aspiration with or without injection to gather information about the time course of analgesia.

At one week all participants will receive aspiration of 2.0 mL from the suprapatellar pouch for cytokine analysis, followed by injection of the remaining 10 participants with dextrose 12.5%. Pain levels will be measured at the same time intervals to complete evaluation of dextrose analgesia.

After two weeks injections will be open label with 10 mills of dextrose 12 and have percent injected at one, two, three, four, five, and six months. At the three month. Another 2 mL of synovial fluid will be sent to the laboratory for cytokine analysis.

Inclusion criteria

• Knee pain for at least 6 months.
• Clinically diagnosed knee osteoarthritis.
• Weight-bearing radiograph consistent with high-grade medial compartment cartilage loss (Kellgren-Lawrence Grading Scale level IV).
• Confirmation of exposed subchondral bone by high-resolution knee ultrasonography.

Exclusion criteria

• Anticoagulation therapy.
• Inflammatory or post-infectious knee arthritis.
• Systemic inflammatory conditions.
• Knee flexion of less than 100 degrees.
• Knee extension of less than 165 degrees.
• Any Valgus
• Varus more than 15 degrees.
• Any knee injection in the past 3 months.
• BMI more than 40
• Gross synovial folds on ultrasound
• Elevation of sed rate, C reactive protein, rheumatoid factor or antinuclear antibody.