Cesarean Section Defect Mechanism and Transvaginal Repair

Inclusion criteria

• Age ≥ 18 years, premenopausal female;
• The scar is the transverse incision of the lower segment of the uterus (one or more times);
• The following abnormal uterine bleeding occurred after cesarean section: prolonged menstruation/endless menstruation ≥ 14 days, menstrual bleeding;
• Transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound/pelvic MRI plain scan showed that the thickness of residual muscular layer at the top of diverticulum was less than 3 mm;
• The effect of drug treatment is poor, and it is difficult to adhere to long-term drug treatment or surgical treatment;
• HGB > 100g/L before operation;
• Hysteroscopy excluded endometrial lesions;
• The patient or family members can understand the study protocol and voluntarily participate in the study, and provide written informed consent.

Exclusion criteria

• The data of cesarean section is not complete, and the previous cesarean section method cannot be determined;
• Abnormal uterine bleeding caused by endocrine disorders (thyroid dysfunction, luteal insufficiency), endometrial lesions, uterine fibroids, gynecological tumors, blood system diseases, pelvic infections, intrauterine devices, etc;
• Infertility patients caused by female oviduct infertility, intrauterine adhesion infertility, uterine malformation, polycystic ovary syndrome, male infertility, etc;
• Patients with other serious gynecological diseases and/or serious physical or psychological diseases;
• Pregnancy (women of childbearing age were positive in pregnancy test at baseline or did not receive pregnancy test), and women in lactation;
• Patients who are unable to complete the follow-up;
• The patient or family members could not understand the conditions and objectives of the study and did not agree to participate in the study.