Catheter Related - Gram Positive Bloodstream Infections

THE STUDY DRUG:

Daptomycin is an antibiotic designed to treat a variety of bacterial infections that are difficult to treat.

STUDY TREATMENT:

If you are found to be eligible to take part in this study, you will be given daptomycin by vein over 30 minutes every 24 hours for at least 7-14 days, depending on the type of bacteria that you have.

The central venous catheter (CVC) will either be removed, or it will be exchanged over a guide wire. The decision to remove or exchange the CVC and timing of the placement of the CVC will be decided by your primary physician and the willingness of you to remove or exchange your infected CVC. This will be done within 96 hours after your first positive blood culture (first blood drawn that showed bacteria). A CVC is a sterile flexible tube that will be placed into a large vein while you are under local anesthesia. Your doctor will explain this procedure to you in more detail, and you will be required to sign a separate consent form for this procedure.

If the study doctor and/or your primary doctor suspects that you have a mixed infection (2 or more certain types of bacteria) or pneumonia, you will also be treated with different types of antibiotics, by vein or mouth, in combination with the study drug. These antibiotics may include aztreonam, cefepime, imipenem, meropenem, ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, bactrim, and/or amoxicillin/clavulanate (a combination antibiotic).

If you are discharged from the hospital before completing the study medication, arrangements will be made to provide infusions on an outpatient basis (by a nurse, yourself, or a family member). You and/or a family member will be taught (by a nurse) how to take the study medication at home. Before you are discharged from the hospital, you will receive the kits that include enough supplies for you and/or a family member to give daptomycin by vein. If medication will be given at home, a prescription will be given to you to pick up your medication from the pharmacy before you discharge from the hospital. If possible, your primary doctor may arrange for you to receive medication at the M. D. Anderson outpatient treatment center, or a nurse will be scheduled to visit you at home to give you the medication.

STUDY TESTS/PROCEDURES:

During each week of treatment, you will have the following exams/procedures performed once a week.

• You will have blood drawn (about 1 tablespoon) for routine tests. It may be drawn from the CVC, if the CVC is still in place. The CVC exit site will be examined at each visit until you have no more signs or symptoms of infection.
• You will also have blood drawn (about 1 tablespoon) for a blood culture every other day until it no longer shows signs of infection.
• You will be asked about any symptoms or illnesses that you may have experienced since your last visit.

LENGTH OF STUDY:

Participation on this study will last for no more than 60 days (about 2 months).

Inclusion criteria

• Male or non-pregnant, non-lactating females with an age of greater than or equal to 18 years.
• The suspected culprit on exchangeable central venous catheter (CVC) is tunneled or non-tunnel (including ports and PICC) and antibiotic or non-antibiotic coated catheter inserted in the subclavian, jugular, peripheral or femoral vein.
• Patients must have at least two signs of sepsis from the list below, in any combination, within 48 hours prior to Daptomycin therapy and no other source for the bacteremia other than CVC: a. Core temperature =/>38.0 degrees C or =/<36.0 degrees C, measured orally, rectally, tympanic ally or via a central catheter. If auxiliary add 0.5 degrees C to the measured temperature; b. Pulse rate =/> 100 beats/min.; c. Respiratory rate =/> 20/min.; d. white blood cell (WBC) count =/>12,000/mm^3 or =/<4,000/mm^3 differential count showing >10% band forms; e. Systolic blood pressure =/<90 mm Hg.
• Patients with probable or definite diagnosis of uncomplicated CVC-related gram positive bacteremia that includes at least one positive blood culture for Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CNS), Staphylococcus aureus (SA), Enterococci, Corynebacterium, and Propionibacterium (If the positive blood culture is drawn through the CVC for skin flora such as CNS, Corynebacterium, Propionibacterium, Micrococcus and Bacillus, then at least >15 colonies/ml will be required or the time of positive (DTP) of CVC at least 2 hours earlier than the peripheral culture).
• Signed informed consent.
• No apparent source for the clinical manifestation of bacteremia other than the catheter (may have local signs and symptoms at the catheter site).

Exclusion criteria

• Estimated Serum Creatinine Clearance <30 mL/min (according to Cock-Gault-formula)at the time gram positive bacteremia was diagnosed unless the patient is on dialysis.
• Bilirubin >4 times the upper limit of normal at the time gram positive bacteremia was diagnosed.
• Treatment with an antibiotic, such as vancomycin, linezolid, tigecycline or daptomycin, effective against resistant gram positive bacterial infections, such as methicillin resistant staphylococci, for more than 48 hours within 72 hours of study medication initiation, unless treatment failed that is defined as a persistent fever, leukocytosis, and/or repeated positive blood cultures (CVC and peripheral) for 72 hours or longer of appropriate antibiotics treatment other than Daptomycin.
• Documented gram positive bacteremia within last 1 month due to source other than CVC.
• Patients who have participated in another investigational anti-infective study within 30 days.
• History of hypersensitivity to lipopeptides.
• Presence of additional source of infection with same organism cultured from blood, eg. endocarditis (as evidenced by vegetations on an echocardiogram), septic thrombosis.
• Conditions with markedly decreased albumin in plasma (<1.5 g/dl), e.g., cirrhosis, nephritic syndrome, end-stage renal disease.
• Prosthetic valve.
• Oliguria defined as urine output of <20 cc/hour averaged over 24 hours.
• Possible complicated CRBSI with persistent bacteremia for more than 48 hours on active antimicrobial therapy (such as osteomyelitis, endocarditis, and septic thrombosis).
• Patients with diagnosis of pneumonia that is due to S. aureus organism, e.g, S. aureus from sputum or bronchial cultures.
• creatine phosphokinase (CPK) >10 times max-normal in asymptomatic patients and CPK >5 max-normal in symptomatic patients.