Care Partners: Web-based Support for Caregivers of Veterans Undergoing Chemotherapy

Cancer is a prevalent problem that causes much suffering among Veterans and their families. Most interventions to improve symptom control require Veterans to engage in activities such as managing medications, altering diets, or accessing outside resources that may be beyond their reach due to limitations in physical and mental functioning. Friends and family inside and outside of the Veteran's household can help, but often lack the skills and resources they need to do so.

"Cancer CarePartners" was designed to address these needs by providing cancer-stricken Veterans and their informal caregivers with the information they need to make effective management decisions, decrease symptom burden, and improve outcomes. Cancer CarePartners is a Web-enabled program that alerts caregivers of patients' symptoms and provides them with a framework for identifying problems, receiving structured advice, formulating a 'task list,' and following up with their patients as they receive chemotherapy. Specifically, Cancer CarePartners includes weekly, automated telephonic symptom assessment (ATSA) with self-management (SM) support to the Veteran paired with Web-based alerts to the caregiver pointing them to a website where s/he can obtain customized advice. A randomized control trial was conducted to test the efficacy of this program in controlling symptoms as well as improving adherence to chemotherapy.

Objectives

• To determine if Veterans undergoing chemotherapy who receive Cancer CarePartners report significant improvement in the summed severity of symptoms (the sum of 0-10 severity across 8 core symptoms) compared to Veterans receiving symptom monitoring and self-management advice; secondarily, to determine if they experience better adherence to chemotherapy and utilization. (2) To determine if caregivers participating in the intervention provide significantly more social support to patients than do controls; secondarily, to determine if they experience more caregiver burden and distress than do controls. (3) To determine whether impacts on patients are mediated by mastery. (4) To determine whether impacts on caregivers are mediated by mastery.

Methods Consenting Veterans with solid tumors undergoing chemotherapy at one of three VAMCs (Ann Arbor, Loma Linda and Fargo) who reported at least one core symptom at a moderate level or higher and had a caregiver willing to enroll in the study were randomly assigned to either 10 weeks of Cancer CarePartners or 10 weeks of automated, telephonic symptom assessment (ATSA) with self management support. Arms were balanced for non-small cell lung cancer status and caregiver type. Patients and caregivers were surveyed at intake, 10, and 14 weeks. In addition, the investigators tracked patient participation with ATSA and (in the experimental arm) caregiver use of the Cancer CarePartners Website. The investigators reviewed all medical records for content of care received during the 14 weeks on study.

Inclusion criteria

• Patients must be 18 years or older, cognitively intact, English-speaking, able to hear, and own a telephone.
• Patients can have any solid tumor.
• Patients must be initiating IV cytotoxic chemotherapy and, if recurrent, have experienced a 1 month treatment free interval.
• Caregivers must be 18 years or older, cognitively intact, English-speaking, and able to hear/speak for interviews.
• Caregivers must have access to a telephone and computer with high speed internet access.

Exclusion criteria

• Patients will be excluded if they have a hematologic malignancy or are receiving bone marrow transplantation.
• Patients and caregivers will be excluded if they have an untreated serious mental illness or cognitive impairment, are institutionalized or enrolled in hospice (prior to trial), or plan on not receiving all care from VA