CARE Mentalizing-Focused Parenting Group Outcomes Study

Change in parental reflective functioning as measured by parent/caregiver report on the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire. Responses are reported on a 7-point Likert scale from 1 to 7. Total scores for the three sub-scales (Pre-Mentalizing Modes, Certainty about Mental States, and Interest and Curiosity) range from 6 to 42. Lower scores on Pre-Mentalizing Modes, moderate scores on Certainty about Mental States, and higher scores on Interest and Curiosity indicate better outcomes.

Change in parenting stress as measured by parent/caregiver report on the Parenting Stress Index. Responses are reported on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 to 5. Total scores for the Parenting Stress Index (PSI-SF-4) range from 36 to 180, with lower scores indicating better outcomes.

Change in parent/caregiver psychiatric distress as measured by parent/caregiver report on the Brief Symptom Inventory. Responses are reported on a 5-point Likert scale from 0 to 4. Global severity index scores for the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-18) range from 0 to 82, with lower scores indicating better outcomes.

Change in children's social-emotional impairment as measured by parent/caregiver and child report on the Youth Outcome Questionnaire. Responses are reported on a 5-point Likert scale from 0 to 4. Total scores on the Youth Outcomes Questionnaire (Y-OQ-30.2) range from 0 to 120, with lower scores indicating better outcomes.

Change in family functioning as measured by parent/caregiver and child report on the Family Assessment Device. Responses are reported on a 4-point Likert scale from 1 to 4. Total scores on the General Functioning scale of the Family Assessment Device range from 12 to 48, with lower scores indicating better outcomes.

Change in parent/caregiver emotion regulation as measured by parent/caregiver report on the Difficulties with Emotion Regulation Scale. Responses are reported on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 to 5. Total scores for the Difficulties with Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS-18) range from 18 to 90, with lower scores indicating better outcomes.

Change in parent/caregiver perceptions of social support as measured by parent/caregiver report on the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List. Responses are reported on a 4-point Likert scale from 0 to 3. Total scores on the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL-12) range from 0 to 36, with higher scores indicating better outcomes.

Change in parent/caregiver perceptions of belongingness as measured by parent/caregiver report on the Sense of Belongingness Inventory. Responses are reported on a 4-point Likert scale from 1 to 4. Total scores for the Psychological Experience scale of the Sense of Belongingness Inventory range from 18 to 72, with higher scores indicating better outcomes.

Change in parent-child relationship as measured by child report on the Security Scale. Responses are reported on a 4-point Likert scale from 1 to 4. Total scores on the Security Scale range from 1 to 96, with higher scores indicating better outcomes.

Change in reported parent and child exposure to ACEs as measured by parent/caregiver report on the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) questionnaire. Responses are reported on a binary (yes/no) scale. Total scores on the Adverse Childhood Experiences questionnaire range from 0 to 10.

Change in reported distress in relation to experiences of racism and/or discrimination as measured by parent/caregiver report on the Daily Life Experiences scale of the Racism and Life Experience Scales. Responses are reported on two 6-point Likert scales from 0 to 5. Total scores on the Daily Life Experiences scale of the Racism and Life Experience Scales range from 0 to 100, with lower scores indicating better outcomes.