Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Cognitive Trajectories

For the cognitive trajectory cohort (the data had been collected):

Inclusion criteria

• Aged 65 or over at baseline;
• With normal cognitive function at baseline (score ≥ 18 on the Chinese version of Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE);
• Had at least one domain information about cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, exercise, diet and smoking) at baseline;
• Completed cognitive function assessment at least twice during 3 waves following-up after baseline;
• Provided informed consent voluntarily.

Exclusion criteria

• Aged <65;
• had a history of dementia or MMSE score < 18 at baseline;
• Without more than once cognitive function assessment during the follow-up;
• Refused to participate the survey.

For the neuroimaging sample, who would be enrolled by this study:

Inclusion criteria

• Aged 55-80;
• Right-handed;
• Primary school education or above, with normal communication ability;
• No complaints of cognitive impairment or decline;
• MMSE score ≥ 26;
• Clinical dementia rating (CDR) =0;
• Provided informed consent voluntarily.

Exclusion criteria

• Severe visual or hearing impairment, difficult to complete cognitive function assessment;
• Had contraindications to magnetic resonance examination, such as claustrophobia, cardiac pacemaker and artificial heart valve;
• Had cardiovascular diseases (such as myocardial infarction and unstable angina pectoris), severe respiratory diseases, malignant tumors, renal failure and other serious physical diseases;
• Had diseases that could affect cognitive function, such as hypothyroidism, syphilis, vitamin B12 deficiency and anemia;
• Had a history of any mental disease;
• Had a history of cerebrovascular disease, or obvious space occupying lesions in the brain revealed by magnetic resonance examination;
• Refused to participate the survey.