Cardiac Output Monitoring by Transpulmonary Thermodilution and Transthoracic Echocardiography in Critically Ill Patients

TTE is an easy noninvasive device now recommended as the first evaluation of the patient in circulatory failure but it present some limits due to poor echogenicity of patients, operator-dependent variability and cannot provide continuous hemodynamic data. TPTD is an invasive technique for CO monitoring recommended especially in shock not responsive to initial therapy.

Few studies have evaluated the level of agreement of each method (TTE and TPTD) with the reference method (pulmonary artery catheter) but they have never been compared between them with strong statistical analysis in particular trending ability.

It could be interesting to determine the level of concordance of these two methods of CO monitoring and trend ability by TPTD relative to TTE.

The investigators hypothesize that CO-TPTD are concordant with those performed by TTE.

Mechanically ventilated patients requiring hemodynamic assessment will be included. CO-TPTD will be measured via intermittent thermodilution. Blindly, a second investigator will use standard-view TTE to estimate CO-TTE as the product of stroke volume and the heart rate obtained during the measurement the blood flow velocity (using a Doppler technique) at the left ventricular outflow tract. A second measurement will be done with the two devices after a fluid challenge when patient requires it to compare trending ability.

Inclusion criteria

• mechanically ventilated and sedated patients
• with sinus rhythm
• hospitalized in Intensive Care Unit
• fitted with an hemodynamic monitoring by thermodilution technique due to hemodynamic failure

Exclusion criteria

• age under 18
• arrhythmia
• severe aortic regurgitation or stenosis
• intracardiac shunt
• poor echogenicity
• tamponade
• major subject to a legal protection regim.