Carbon-11 Acetate and Fludeoxyglucose F 18 PET Scan of the Bone in Patients With Metastatic Prostate Cancer That Has Spread to the Bone

OBJECTIVES:

Primary

• Correlate pre-treatment and 3-month post-treatment carbon-11 (^11C) acetate and fludeoxyglucose F 18 positron emission tomography (^18F-FDG PET) images with changes in clinical response measures in patients with bone-dominant metastatic prostate cancer.

Secondary

• Compare ^11C acetate and ^18F-FDG PET scanning results with bone scintigraphy in these patients to determine which best predicts clinical response.
• Correlate changes in ^11C acetate and ^18F-FDG PET with changes in prostate-specific antigen level.
• Correlate changes in ^11C acetate and ^18F-FDG PET with clinical symptom parameters (pain scale scores and analgesic usage scales).
• Correlate ^11C acetate and ^18F-FDG PET scan response with clinical time to progression.
• Determine if PET scan response can predict duration of progression-free survival.

OUTLINE: This is a pilot study. Patients are stratified according to hormone response (sensitive [stratum 1] vs refractory [stratum 2]).

Patients undergo carbon-11 acetate and fludeoxyglucose F 18 positron emission tomography imaging prior to and 3 months after initiation of either androgen-deprivation therapy (stratum 1) or docetaxel (stratum 2).

Pain and quality of life are assessed at baseline and at 3 months.

Patients are followed every 3 months for up to 5 years.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A total of 40 patients will be accrued for this study.

DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS:

• Diagnosis of prostate cancer, meeting 1 of the following criteria:

• Metastatic hormone-sensitive disease prior to initiation of first-line androgen-deprivation therapy and meets the following criteria:

• Histologic confirmation of original diagnosis
• Hormone-sensitive is defined as progressive disease in the absence of androgen-deprivation therapy
• Presence of ≥ 3 convincing bone metastases, as defined by bone scintigraphy, CT scan (MRI if indicated), or plain x-ray
• Metastatic hormone-refractory disease prior to initiation of a first-line chemotherapy regimen that includes docetaxel and meets the following criteria:

• Histologic confirmation of original diagnosis
• Hormone-refractory is defined as development or advancement of metastatic disease with castrate testosterone levels (total testosterone < 20 ng/dL)
• Presence of ≥ 3 convincing bone metastases, as defined by bone scintigraphy, CT scan (MRI if indicated), or plain x-ray
• Must have castrate testosterone levels (< 20 ng/dL) from orchiectomy or undergoing maintenance with a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist

• Outside the window of a potential antiandrogen withdrawal response (either decline in prostate-specific antigen or objective response by imaging)

PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS:

• Life expectancy > 12 weeks
• No serious underlying medical condition that would otherwise impair the patient's ability to receive treatment and undergo imaging studies
• No condition that would alter the patient's mental status, prohibiting the basic understanding and/or authorization of informed consent
• Able to lie still for the imaging
• Weight ≤ 300 lbs

PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY:

• See Disease Characteristics
• At least 6 weeks since prior bicalutamide or nilutamide
• At least 4 weeks since prior flutamide, ketoconazole, diethylstilbestrol, or estradiol
• More than 4 weeks since prior bisphosphonate therapy
• More than 4 weeks since prior radiotherapy to the bone
• More than 4 weeks since prior radiopharmaceutical treatment to the bone
• No concurrent radiotherapy