Carbohydrate Quality and Its Impact on Athletic Enjoyment and Burnout

A total of 132 food groups obtained from the food consumption frequency questionnaire were analyzed. Daily intake (g/day) was calculated using the BeBiS program with a global database, considering the amount and frequency of food consumed by each participant. Glycaemic Index (GI) values were also determined using the BeBiS program, taking into account the amount and frequency of food consumed. To determine the Carbohydrate Quality Index score, each of the four components (fiber intake, whole grain ratio, glycaemic index, and total carbohydrate ratio) was evaluated on a scale from 1 to 5 points. The scores for each component were then summed. Q5 indicates the highest and Q1 indicates the lowest carbohydrate quality.

The Athlete Burnout Questionnaire was used to determine the level of burnout in athletes. The scale consists of 13 questions scored on a five-point Likert scale (1-Never, 2-Sometimes, 3-Often, 4-Frequently, 5-Always) and is divided into three subdimensions: "Decreased Sense of Achievement," "Emotional/Physical Exhaustion," and "Depersonalization." The total score can range from 15 to 65, with higher scores indicating higher levels of burnout.

The Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) was used to assess the level of enjoyment athletes experience during physical activity. The scale consists of 8 questions scored on a scale from 1 to 7, with a maximum score of 56 and a minimum score of 8. Higher scores indicate greater enjoyment of physical activity.

Sociodemographic characteristics will be assessed using a structured questionnaire developed by the researchers. The questionnaire will include items measuring age, gender, education level, and income status. The results will be presented as numbers and percentages for each characteristic

Kilograms per square meter (kg/m2)

Body weight in kg

Height in cm